LARVAL RETENTION AND CONNECTIVITY IN CORAL REEF FISH POPULATIONS: A MULTI-TECHNIQUE APPROACH. A key unanswered question in marine ecology and fisheries management is - are planktonic juveniles retained within or transported among populations? The only three techniques that can potentially quantify larval dispersal distances are genetic markers, natural chemical signatures and applied chemical marks. This project combines, for the first time, all three techniques to measure the scale of disper ....LARVAL RETENTION AND CONNECTIVITY IN CORAL REEF FISH POPULATIONS: A MULTI-TECHNIQUE APPROACH. A key unanswered question in marine ecology and fisheries management is - are planktonic juveniles retained within or transported among populations? The only three techniques that can potentially quantify larval dispersal distances are genetic markers, natural chemical signatures and applied chemical marks. This project combines, for the first time, all three techniques to measure the scale of dispersal in two coral reef fish species. The relative importance of retention and connectivity will be measured, from a large scale encompassing different regions (Great Barrier Reef and Papua New Guinea) to a small scale focussing on individual reefs.Read moreRead less
Conservation biology of the largest Australian freshwater tortoise, the broad-shelled tortoise, Chelodina expansa - rare and endangered or cryptic and secure? The Murray is a highly managed river, with flows controlled by catchments and diversions. The combined impacts of water resource development, habitat modification and introduced species are astonishingly diverse, and include extinctions of some fish and invertebrates and depression of populations of many other species. Australia's largest ....Conservation biology of the largest Australian freshwater tortoise, the broad-shelled tortoise, Chelodina expansa - rare and endangered or cryptic and secure? The Murray is a highly managed river, with flows controlled by catchments and diversions. The combined impacts of water resource development, habitat modification and introduced species are astonishingly diverse, and include extinctions of some fish and invertebrates and depression of populations of many other species. Australia's largest chelid turtle, the broad-shelled turtle, is a high-level consumer thought to be particularly sensitive to these changes. We will use an innovative combination of non-destructive technologies to investigate the conservation biology of this species in the Lower Murray, where it is regarded as rare and where its biology is virtually unknown to inform conservation management and restoration initiativesRead moreRead less
Intersexual arms races - are individuals within marine meta-populations less able to interbreed than assumed? A meta-population structure is thought to describe the inter-connected nature of many populations of marine animals with dispersive larvae. However, new theory predicts some of these populations might be not very inter-connected at all, despite larval migration. In some circumstances, independent, co-evolutionary arms races between sexes might develop within local populations, resulting ....Intersexual arms races - are individuals within marine meta-populations less able to interbreed than assumed? A meta-population structure is thought to describe the inter-connected nature of many populations of marine animals with dispersive larvae. However, new theory predicts some of these populations might be not very inter-connected at all, despite larval migration. In some circumstances, independent, co-evolutionary arms races between sexes might develop within local populations, resulting in individuals becoming increasingly less able to interbreed freely. I will directly test for this, measuring how successfully broadcast spawners can cross-fertilise across populations. This will reveal the genetic structure of these populations and if these animals really do live in a meta-population.Read moreRead less
Selection and deployment of browsing resistant Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus nitens. Marsupial browsing is a significant problem for eucalypt plantation establishment in Australia. To date, browsing control has relied on the use of 1080 pesticide, but through political and social pressure this will cease in Tasmanian State Forests by December 2005. To develop new approaches to integrated pest management, we will explore the use of natural plant resistance to marsupial browsers. We will dete ....Selection and deployment of browsing resistant Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus nitens. Marsupial browsing is a significant problem for eucalypt plantation establishment in Australia. To date, browsing control has relied on the use of 1080 pesticide, but through political and social pressure this will cease in Tasmanian State Forests by December 2005. To develop new approaches to integrated pest management, we will explore the use of natural plant resistance to marsupial browsers. We will determine the genetic and chemical basis of seedling resistance in Eucalyptus globulus and E. nitens, and investigate the stability of resistance though tree development and across different sites. Resistant germplasm will be identified and tested in operational plantings.Read moreRead less
Are natural clones specialists or generalists? Using a model system to test alternative hypotheses for the advantages of parthenogenesis. Parthenogenetic organisms are all-female and reproduce clonally. Through discovering why these unusual organisms are sometimes successful we can better understand the significance of genetic diversity and sex. The Australian arid zone is a ?hot-spot? for parthenogenesis, with at least five independent examples including a native grasshopper and one of its host ....Are natural clones specialists or generalists? Using a model system to test alternative hypotheses for the advantages of parthenogenesis. Parthenogenetic organisms are all-female and reproduce clonally. Through discovering why these unusual organisms are sometimes successful we can better understand the significance of genetic diversity and sex. The Australian arid zone is a ?hot-spot? for parthenogenesis, with at least five independent examples including a native grasshopper and one of its host plants. I will apply modern molecular tools and ecophysiological techniques to test the hypothesis that parthenogenesis is favoured in this grasshopper because it allows the fixation of locally adapted clones. This research will provide a unique insight into the selective forces operating in the arid zone, Australia's largest ecosystem.Read moreRead less
Setting the limits: Ecological and genetic tests of the status of marine populations at species borders. The wide dispersion of Australia's population along our coastal fringe combined with global climate change poses severe threats to marine biodiversity and necessitates urgent conservation measures. Our study will use ecological and genetic approaches to contribute to our understanding of the roles of reproduction and dispersal in maintaining biodiversity. We will determine whether some loca ....Setting the limits: Ecological and genetic tests of the status of marine populations at species borders. The wide dispersion of Australia's population along our coastal fringe combined with global climate change poses severe threats to marine biodiversity and necessitates urgent conservation measures. Our study will use ecological and genetic approaches to contribute to our understanding of the roles of reproduction and dispersal in maintaining biodiversity. We will determine whether some locations are highly productive sources of larval colonists, whereas others are unproductive and dependent on other sources of recruits, and we will inform management practices such as the creation of marine protected areas.Read moreRead less
LIZARD SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR AND THE INFLUENCE OF PARASITES. We ask why stable social group living in animals, with well documented benefits, is relatively rare. One cost is the enhanced opportunity for parasite and disease transmission among group members. We will explore, for a lizard, the impact of group living on parasite infections, and the costs of infection. We expect to produce observational and experimental results with an unusual level of detail, and with a fresh taxonomic perspective to in ....LIZARD SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR AND THE INFLUENCE OF PARASITES. We ask why stable social group living in animals, with well documented benefits, is relatively rare. One cost is the enhanced opportunity for parasite and disease transmission among group members. We will explore, for a lizard, the impact of group living on parasite infections, and the costs of infection. We expect to produce observational and experimental results with an unusual level of detail, and with a fresh taxonomic perspective to influence debate in this central area of behavioural ecology. We will also produce new information on behavioural ecology of Australian fauna, important for conservation management and ecotourism.Read moreRead less