Splice Correction As A Treatment For Rare Diseases
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$824,316.00
Summary
We propose that a strategy of bringing effective and personalised treatments to amenable patients with rare genetic diseases, though ambitious, is readily achievable and opportune. Importantly, a consensus approach will facilitate expediting potentially curative treatments for many patients with rare diseases that would be unlikely to be commercially viable if considered individually.
Plasmids are additional mini-chromosomes carried by many bacteria. They carry information that enables their hosts to prosper in otherwise hostile environments. Plasmids spread rapidly between bacteria, efficiently disseminating plasmid-borne information throughout bacterial populations. Many plasmids carry information that increases the virulence of their host. The emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria and the rapid spread of the information enabling bacteria to withstand most antibiotics ....Plasmids are additional mini-chromosomes carried by many bacteria. They carry information that enables their hosts to prosper in otherwise hostile environments. Plasmids spread rapidly between bacteria, efficiently disseminating plasmid-borne information throughout bacterial populations. Many plasmids carry information that increases the virulence of their host. The emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria and the rapid spread of the information enabling bacteria to withstand most antibiotics available today, were mediated by plasmids. Plasmids also carry information that ensures their own survival. Consequently, their hosts retain the plasmids even when it is no longer beneficial for them to do so. For example, plasmids mediating resistance to antibiotics are not lost when bacterial hosts are grown in the absence of those antibiotics. That is because plasmids have control systems, which ensure both that replication of the plasmid keeps pace with that of its host, and that the plasmid does not produce so many copies of itself that it overwhelms its host or places it at a competitive disadvantage amongst other bacteria. This project examines the intricate regulatory system that enables two groups of antibiotic-resistance plasmids to ensure that, on average, each plasmid molecule is replicated once per bacterial cell cycle. This system uses a tertiary RNA structure as a molecular switch, an antisense RNA as the regulator of this switch, and a protein that interacts with DNA sequences on the plasmid and with a bacterial protein, to initiate replication. Information gained from studies of plasmid systems is essential to the development of treatments for the elimination of antibiotic-resistance and virulence-contributing plasmids from populations of pathogenic bacteria. Antisense RNAs are not only a powerful research tool, but are also being developed for therapeutic use. Understanding how these RNAs interact with their targets will increase their effectiveness.Read moreRead less
Plasmids are extra mini-chromosomes that are present in many bacteria. They carry information that enables their hosts to survive and prosper in hostile environments. Plasmids are able to spread rapidly between bacteria, ensuring that the information they carry is rapidly disseminated throughout bacterial populations. Many plasmids carry information that increases the virulence of their host bacteria, because it adds to their repertoire of toxins and other adjuncts to invasiveness and colonisati ....Plasmids are extra mini-chromosomes that are present in many bacteria. They carry information that enables their hosts to survive and prosper in hostile environments. Plasmids are able to spread rapidly between bacteria, ensuring that the information they carry is rapidly disseminated throughout bacterial populations. Many plasmids carry information that increases the virulence of their host bacteria, because it adds to their repertoire of toxins and other adjuncts to invasiveness and colonisation, or enables them to survive in the presence of antibiotics. The emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria and the rapid spread of the ability of bacteria to withstand most antibiotics available to date were mediated by plasmids. Plasmids also carry information that ensures their own survival. The consequence of this is that their bacterial hosts retain the plasmids, even when it is no longer beneficial to do so. For example, plasmids carrying information for resistance to antibiotics are not lost when their bacterial hosts grow in the absence of antibiotics. This is because plasmids have control systems, which ensure that on the one hand, replication of the plasmid keeps pace with the replication of its host, and on the other hand that the plasmid does not produce so many copies of itself that it overwhelms its host. This project examines the intricate regulatory system that a group of antibiotic-resistance plasmids uses to ensure that on average each plasmid molecule is replicated once per bacterial cell cycle. This system uses an antisense RNA, a tertiary RNA structure (pseudoknot) that acts as a translational switch, and a protein that interacts with different sequences on the plasmid to initiate replication. Detailed knowledge of the processes underlying this complex system is required if we are to develop new treatments that will lead to elimination of antibiotic-resistance and virulence-contributing plasmids from populations of pathogenic bacteria.Read moreRead less
Antisense Oligonucleotide Induced Exon Skipping As A Treatment For Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$363,055.00
Summary
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common severe muscle wasting disease that affects boys. A defect in the dystrophin gene (typically a frameshift or nonsense mutation) precludes the synthesis of any functional protein. Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is a milder condition that also arises from defects in the dystrophin gene but in these cases, the mutations are usually in-frame deletions that allow some functional protein to be synthesised. There have been significant limitations to ....Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common severe muscle wasting disease that affects boys. A defect in the dystrophin gene (typically a frameshift or nonsense mutation) precludes the synthesis of any functional protein. Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is a milder condition that also arises from defects in the dystrophin gene but in these cases, the mutations are usually in-frame deletions that allow some functional protein to be synthesised. There have been significant limitations to dystrophin gene replacement therapies, due to the nature of the target (muscle fibres) and the size and complexity of the gene. This project will investigate an alternative genetic approach in cells expressing dystrophin (this gene is transcribed and processed differently in a variety cell types), whereby antisense oligonucleotides are used to redirect the processing of dystrophin pre-mRNA in the region of the DMD mutation. Although the DMD mutation would still be present at the gene level, the disease-causing mutation would be removed during the processing of the dystrophin pre-mRNA. Once a nonsense mutation has been removed or the reading frame restored from a DMD transcript, the resultant engineered dystrophin mRNA could be translated into a functional Becker-like protein.Read moreRead less