A Novel Role For The IL-2 Pathway In Type-1-diabetes.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$548,548.00
Summary
Genes encoding IL-2 and its receptor are strongly linked to susceptibility to multiple autoimmune diseases, including type-1-diabetes. Despite the importance of this pathway in the immune system, it is not yet understood how the associated genes affect disease. In this study, a novel function for IL-2 expression by dendritic cells in normal self-tolerance is investigated. The impacts of dendritic cell produced IL-2 expression and linkage to autoimmunity will be elucidated in both mouse and man.
Tolerising Antigen-specific Immunotherapy For Type 1 Diabetes
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$1,395,549.00
Summary
We have developed a new immunotherapy to treat the underlying causes of type 1 diabetes (T1D) while leaving the rest of the immune system intact. To use this in patients, we need better tests to know when immune therapy is working. We will develop new methods to design the therapy and tools to track the relevant immune cells in T1D that work in variable patient groups. The knowledge gained will speed the pace of development and increase the chance of success of immunotherapy in T1D.
HLA-G/H2-Bl Is Critical For Regulating Inflammation In The Liver
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$494,050.00
Summary
The key factor to induction of liver fibrosis, progression to cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma is inflammation. Liver transplant and liver regeneration following liver resection are also dramatically impaired by elevation of inflammation. We have identified a potent anti-inflammatory protein, HLA-G, that is critical for regulating post-surgical inflammation in the liver. We will determine if HLA-G can reverse and/or block liver fibrosis and modify HLA-G for improved clinical potential.
Tropical Infectious Diseases - Pathogenisis And Vaccine Research
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$7,311,989.00
Summary
The diseases on which three themes of the work proposed centre, malaria, streptococcal diseases and scabies are infectious diseases largely affecting indigenous people in various parts of the world on a massive scale, for which there are no vaccines. The aim of the work is to develop vaccines or other biological prevention measures against each of these diseases and the problems that need to be solved are similar. The team includes senior experts on thebiology of infectious diseases with long hi ....The diseases on which three themes of the work proposed centre, malaria, streptococcal diseases and scabies are infectious diseases largely affecting indigenous people in various parts of the world on a massive scale, for which there are no vaccines. The aim of the work is to develop vaccines or other biological prevention measures against each of these diseases and the problems that need to be solved are similar. The team includes senior experts on thebiology of infectious diseases with long histories of collaboration as well as younger members with impressive credentials that are new to the collaboration. The fourth theme of the work proposed is concerned with inventive new ways of making such vaccines by novelchemical methods. It has already been the subject of published collaborative work onstreptococcal disease and is equally applicable to the other themes.Read moreRead less
Population-level Epidemiological Trends In Hepatocellular Carcinoma In Queensland 1996 - 2010.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$251,695.00
Summary
Incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, the most common form of liver cancer) is increasing in Australia, driven by viral hepatitis infections. Disease burden is not defined in Queensland, particularly for Indigenous, migrant and regional and remote communities. Such factors may influence risk of viral hepatitis, access to treatment, and incidence and survival of HCC. Defining disease burdens will enable clinical programs targeted at groups most at risk in order to impact HCC t ....Incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, the most common form of liver cancer) is increasing in Australia, driven by viral hepatitis infections. Disease burden is not defined in Queensland, particularly for Indigenous, migrant and regional and remote communities. Such factors may influence risk of viral hepatitis, access to treatment, and incidence and survival of HCC. Defining disease burdens will enable clinical programs targeted at groups most at risk in order to impact HCC trends.Read moreRead less
Myofibroblast differentiation: from haemopoietic cells to smooth muscle. Until very recently the ability of adult cells with specific differentiated functions to re-differentiate for another function was thought to be extremely limited. However we have shown that cells ultimately derived from the bone marrow can differentiate into fibroblasts, then into myofibroblasts and then into smooth muscle cells. This project will build on these unique findings and determine the molecular mechanisms cont ....Myofibroblast differentiation: from haemopoietic cells to smooth muscle. Until very recently the ability of adult cells with specific differentiated functions to re-differentiate for another function was thought to be extremely limited. However we have shown that cells ultimately derived from the bone marrow can differentiate into fibroblasts, then into myofibroblasts and then into smooth muscle cells. This project will build on these unique findings and determine the molecular mechanisms controlling this process. We hypothesise that the local environment of a cell is critical and will involve a combination of particular extracellular matrix and growth factors as well as mechanical tension and the presence of other cell types.Read moreRead less
Acquisition of the mitochondrial genome restores mitochondrial function. The aim of this project is to show that cancer cells with heavily damaged mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can acquire the mitochondrial genome from the host and that this results in the recovery of their mitochondrial function. The project is highly significant, as it aims to show in vivo mitochondrial transfer with functional consequences. The project aims to open a new avenue of research and could result in a shift in our under ....Acquisition of the mitochondrial genome restores mitochondrial function. The aim of this project is to show that cancer cells with heavily damaged mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can acquire the mitochondrial genome from the host and that this results in the recovery of their mitochondrial function. The project is highly significant, as it aims to show in vivo mitochondrial transfer with functional consequences. The project aims to open a new avenue of research and could result in a shift in our understanding of some features of cellular communication and how cells can overcome unfavourable situations.Read moreRead less
CX3C chemokine signalling in the olfactory epithelium and its role in the self regeneration of the olfactory system. The current proposal will explore new venues in adult neural stem cell research and contribute to the further development of molecular biology and neuroscience research in Western Australia and Australia. The use of neural stem cells holds therapeutic promise for the treatment of a wide variety of neurological conditions, including neurotrauma and stroke. The proposed research wil ....CX3C chemokine signalling in the olfactory epithelium and its role in the self regeneration of the olfactory system. The current proposal will explore new venues in adult neural stem cell research and contribute to the further development of molecular biology and neuroscience research in Western Australia and Australia. The use of neural stem cells holds therapeutic promise for the treatment of a wide variety of neurological conditions, including neurotrauma and stroke. The proposed research will provide new data on the fundamental cellular and molecular events that are required to trigger the birth, differentiation and conditions for growth of new neurons in the adult nervous system. The generation of such insights will be critical for any translational research.
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Novel vitamin E analogues disrupt autocrine signalling and angiogenesis: Mechanistic studies and relevance to cancer management. Breast and mesothelioma cancers present a severe problem in Australia and many patients succumb due to lack of appropriate treatment. We believe that vitamin E analogues, selective drugs efficient against cancer cells, hold a promise as future drugs against these two pathologies. Vitamin E analogues act by several mechanisms, including toxic effect on the cancer cells ....Novel vitamin E analogues disrupt autocrine signalling and angiogenesis: Mechanistic studies and relevance to cancer management. Breast and mesothelioma cancers present a severe problem in Australia and many patients succumb due to lack of appropriate treatment. We believe that vitamin E analogues, selective drugs efficient against cancer cells, hold a promise as future drugs against these two pathologies. Vitamin E analogues act by several mechanisms, including toxic effect on the cancer cells and also on cells that are necessary for efficient progression of tumours, such as cells of the malignant blood vessels. Results of this project will be used to prepare clinical testing of these highly promising drugs.Read moreRead less
Developing efficient cancer therapies by targeting of vitamin E analogues to mitochondria. We propose a new strategy of developing efficient anti-cancer agents. Results of this project will lead to establishing highly proising anti-cancer drugs and will open new approaches for the design of novel agents that efficiently kill cancer cells.