Signalling Of Muscle Force By Golgi Tendon Organs During Exercise And Fatigue
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$181,320.00
Summary
It is a common experience for objects being carried to feel heavier and tasks needing muscular effort to become more difficult as one becomes tired and the muscles fatigue during exertion. The sensation of muscle force depends on two factors. One, a sense of the effort required to perform a task, is generated in the central nervous system and. The other, a sense of the force actually developed by the muscles, is generated in the muscles themselves by signals from sensory receptors called Golgi t ....It is a common experience for objects being carried to feel heavier and tasks needing muscular effort to become more difficult as one becomes tired and the muscles fatigue during exertion. The sensation of muscle force depends on two factors. One, a sense of the effort required to perform a task, is generated in the central nervous system and. The other, a sense of the force actually developed by the muscles, is generated in the muscles themselves by signals from sensory receptors called Golgi tendon organs. The sensation of muscle force and the heaviness of objects results from a combination of both senses, but the contribution of each is unknown. The aim of the project is to determine whether the disturbance of force sense in fatigued muscles results from changes in the way tendon organs signal the actual force developed by the muscles. This will be important for understanding how force sense is disturbed following exercise and in disease states, and for understanding the normal way muscle force is sensed in everyday situations. Disturbances of force sense after exercise will be documented in human subjects by asking them to generate what they perceive to be equal forces in both arms or legs, before and after one limb only is exercised. Errors in force estimation will show up as mismatches between the two limbs. The difficulty with human experiments is that the signals generated by tendon organs cannot be measured directly, but only inferred, perhaps wrongly. This difficulty will be overcome by measuring tendon organ activity directly in anaesthetised animals, where the muscles will be electrically stimulated to perform exercise similar to that in the human experiments. A change in tendon organ signalling will be taken to mean that similar changes in humans could be responsible for disturbances of force sense. In further experiments, the mechanism of the changes will be explored.Read moreRead less
Understanding Health Professionals' Infection Control Practices In The Acute Care Setting
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$151,196.00
Summary
Health-care acquired infections have a considerable personal, social and economic impact in Australia, and better understanding of the causes of these infections is necessary. Failure by health professionals to follow infection control recommendations has important consequences in terms of the personal risk of acquiring an infection as well as the risk of infection transmission to patients. In Australia surgical site infections alone are estimated to cost as much as 268 million dollars a year. H ....Health-care acquired infections have a considerable personal, social and economic impact in Australia, and better understanding of the causes of these infections is necessary. Failure by health professionals to follow infection control recommendations has important consequences in terms of the personal risk of acquiring an infection as well as the risk of infection transmission to patients. In Australia surgical site infections alone are estimated to cost as much as 268 million dollars a year. Health-care acquired infections are associated with poorer health outcomes, a greater probability of prolonged hospital stays, greater re-hospitalisation rates, and significant reductions in health related quality of life. In this qualitative study we will use grounded theory and a comparative analysis strategy. We will initially identify participants sampled from health professionals employed in the acute care setting at a major teaching hospital in Perth, Western Australia. We will seek representation of a range of health professionals recruited from multiple occupational groups, including doctors, nurses and paramedical staff who have direct patient contact in the study sample. Sampling will also aim to recruit participants from a number of different acute care areas within the hospital, and staff with a range of individual characteristics, experiences and beliefs. We will interview a range of health care workers in order to explore their experiences of engagement in infection control practices and the factors influencing these experiences. We aim to develop a substantive theory that explains health professionals' engagement in high-risk infection control practices in the acute care setting. This will have implications for current understandings of the factors influencing adherence to recommended infection control practices, current theoretical perspectives which guide infection control practice, and strategies used to promote compliance with recommended practices.Read moreRead less
A Randomised Controlled Trial To Prevent Primigravid Excessive Gestational Weight Gain And Postpartum Weight Retention
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$505,412.00
Summary
Excessive weight gain in pregnancy and weight retention 12 months post birth place women at a greater risk for the development of overweight and obesity. This study responds to the urgent need to design effective interventions to prevent excessive weight gain in pregnancy and postpartum weight retention. A health coaching intervention has been designed to address this urgent need, and its effectiveness will be evaluated in a randomised controlled trial with first time pregnant women.
How Does The Central Respiratory Generator Amplify Sympathetic Activity In Hypertension?
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$290,113.00
Summary
High blood pressure causes many life-threatening cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure and stroke. The cause of most high blood pressure is not known. Using an animal model of high blood pressure we have shown that an interaction, in the brain, between the nerve pathways that generate respiratory activity and regulate blood pressure is altered. This occurs early in life and our evidence strongly suggests this may be a cause of high blood pressure.
Spatial Analysis Of The An. Punctulatus Group Of Malaria Vectors In Australia And Papua New Guinea.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$66,430.00
Summary
Malaria has been eradicated from Australia but the country remains receptive to its reintroduction as the mosquitoes which transmit the disease are still present in the tropical north of the country. These are the Anopheles punctulatus group which are the major malaria vectors in the south west Pacific region. The Australian Army Malaria Institute conducted Operation Anopheles to collect these mosquitoes in northern Australia and Papua New Guinea by detailed surveys with the aid of helicopters a ....Malaria has been eradicated from Australia but the country remains receptive to its reintroduction as the mosquitoes which transmit the disease are still present in the tropical north of the country. These are the Anopheles punctulatus group which are the major malaria vectors in the south west Pacific region. The Australian Army Malaria Institute conducted Operation Anopheles to collect these mosquitoes in northern Australia and Papua New Guinea by detailed surveys with the aid of helicopters and 4-wheel-drive vehicles. These surveys, which were made for a month each year between 1984-1998, represent the most detailed dataset of mosquito locality records that have ever been produced. This project will utilise the computing power of modern Geographical Information Systems (GIS) software and computer induction techniques to spatially map the range of the different mosquitoes collected during Operation Anopheles to highlight environmental characteristics which limit their distribution and to permit control activities to accurately target the species which actually transmit malaria.Read moreRead less
Respiratory Modulation Of RVLM Premotor Neurons: Role In The Sympathetic Over-activity Of Hypertension.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$338,605.00
Summary
Hypertension is a common health disorder in all societies and is a major risk factor for the development of life threatening cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure and stroke. Whilst some effective therapies are available, many patients are not adequately treated or have reduced quality of life due to serious side effects. There is a great need for alternative therapies. The central nervous system is clearly involved in hypertension although the level of that involvement is not well un ....Hypertension is a common health disorder in all societies and is a major risk factor for the development of life threatening cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure and stroke. Whilst some effective therapies are available, many patients are not adequately treated or have reduced quality of life due to serious side effects. There is a great need for alternative therapies. The central nervous system is clearly involved in hypertension although the level of that involvement is not well understood- i.e. is it a causal factor or just a contributor to the maintenance of established hypertension? The experiments outlined in this application are based on the observation that modulation of nervous activity to blood vessels is more influenced by the respiratory system in people with high blood pressure, than in normotensive people. We aim to test whether this increased respiratory modulation might be involved in the generation of the high blood pressure.Read moreRead less