THE MECHANISMS OF PHOTOPROTECTION IN PLANTS - A GENOMICS AND PHOTOPHYSICAL APPROACH. Coping with adverse environmental conditions is central to plant survival in nature so understanding the photoprotective mechanisms of light acclimation is important for crop improvement. Therefore, effective acclimatory mechanisms at whole plant, cellular and molecular levels are essential to accommodate short and long-term exposure to potentially photodamaging full sunlight and environmental stresses, such as ....THE MECHANISMS OF PHOTOPROTECTION IN PLANTS - A GENOMICS AND PHOTOPHYSICAL APPROACH. Coping with adverse environmental conditions is central to plant survival in nature so understanding the photoprotective mechanisms of light acclimation is important for crop improvement. Therefore, effective acclimatory mechanisms at whole plant, cellular and molecular levels are essential to accommodate short and long-term exposure to potentially photodamaging full sunlight and environmental stresses, such as drought and temperature extremes that lead to plant death or greatly reduced crop yields due to free radical damage. This project brings together a unique cross-disciplinary expertise in biophysics, biochemistry, physiology and genomics to elucidate the known mechanisms and identify unknown factors in photoprotection.Read moreRead less
Identifying potential barriers to transplanting modified forms of the CO2-fixing enzyme, Rubisco, into plants. Improving the ability of crops to use water, light and fertiliser more efficiently would have economic benefits and ease the environmental impacts associated with agricultural practices. It is thought that such improvements can be made by enhancing the efficiency of the photosynthetic protein, Rubisco, which fixes most of the CO2 in the biosphere. The research proposed here uses unique ....Identifying potential barriers to transplanting modified forms of the CO2-fixing enzyme, Rubisco, into plants. Improving the ability of crops to use water, light and fertiliser more efficiently would have economic benefits and ease the environmental impacts associated with agricultural practices. It is thought that such improvements can be made by enhancing the efficiency of the photosynthetic protein, Rubisco, which fixes most of the CO2 in the biosphere. The research proposed here uses unique Rubisco transplantation capabilities that I have developed to improve our fundamental understanding of how Rubisco is processed and its activity regulated in plants. This will pave the way for our ongoing efforts to engineer and transplant more efficient Rubisco into crops.Read moreRead less
Are flavonoids metabolic regulators of plant development? This project will investigate the mechanisms of action of flavonoids, which are abundant and diverse plant products contained in all fruits and vegetables. We have very little knowledge on the range of activities this large class of natural compounds has in plants. This research will investigate the role of flavonoids in regulating plant development to identify flavonoids and their target proteins and genes that could alter plant develo ....Are flavonoids metabolic regulators of plant development? This project will investigate the mechanisms of action of flavonoids, which are abundant and diverse plant products contained in all fruits and vegetables. We have very little knowledge on the range of activities this large class of natural compounds has in plants. This research will investigate the role of flavonoids in regulating plant development to identify flavonoids and their target proteins and genes that could alter plant development in specific ways to create improved crops. This project will also strengthen Australia's expertise in proteomics, an important tool for the advancement of knowledge and application in biotechnology.Read moreRead less
The Shape of Plants; Discovering factors that control morphology by organizing the cytoskeleton. Understanding how plants generate the huge diversity of shapes seen in nature is both a scientific challenge and a biotechnological opportunity. Microtubules dominate cell architecture, providing dynamic, yet rigid, frameworks for defining or changing growth polarity. We recently discovered and cloned MOR1, a gene that is essential for organizing microtubules and controlling morphogenesis. This place ....The Shape of Plants; Discovering factors that control morphology by organizing the cytoskeleton. Understanding how plants generate the huge diversity of shapes seen in nature is both a scientific challenge and a biotechnological opportunity. Microtubules dominate cell architecture, providing dynamic, yet rigid, frameworks for defining or changing growth polarity. We recently discovered and cloned MOR1, a gene that is essential for organizing microtubules and controlling morphogenesis. This places us in a strong position to resolve a long-standing mystery: how are microtubules organized? We intend to define MOR1's structural attributes, identify its interacting proteins and innovate an ambitious screen for additional genes that have related functions. This project should stimulate new ideas and applications.Read moreRead less
Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment And Facilities - Grant ID: LE0989084
Funder
Australian Research Council
Funding Amount
$275,000.00
Summary
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy for Live Cell Imaging. The University of Newcastle has invested heavily in its biological and life sciences to create a research nexus focusing on national research priorities in biotechnology and environmental protection. The Live Cell Imaging platform will be utilized by scientists researching such strategically important areas including developmental biology, intracellular signalling cascades, cell cycle dynamics, plant development and microbiology. Moreover ....Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy for Live Cell Imaging. The University of Newcastle has invested heavily in its biological and life sciences to create a research nexus focusing on national research priorities in biotechnology and environmental protection. The Live Cell Imaging platform will be utilized by scientists researching such strategically important areas including developmental biology, intracellular signalling cascades, cell cycle dynamics, plant development and microbiology. Moreover, this component of the University's research portfolio plays a major role in the postgraduate training of young Australian scientists who will, in turn, fuel future developments in both the life sciences and biotechnology industries.Read moreRead less
Physiological and molecular controls of plant transpiration efficiency: investigating the role of the ERECTA gene. Water is the single most limiting factor in agriculture and the world's supply of fresh water is diminishing, the greatest fraction of total water use being by agriculture. Progress in water-use efficiency will have social value, and this program should help us to achieve it. Our progress in this area is already one of the most successful of 'bottom-up' approaches - in the sense of ....Physiological and molecular controls of plant transpiration efficiency: investigating the role of the ERECTA gene. Water is the single most limiting factor in agriculture and the world's supply of fresh water is diminishing, the greatest fraction of total water use being by agriculture. Progress in water-use efficiency will have social value, and this program should help us to achieve it. Our progress in this area is already one of the most successful of 'bottom-up' approaches - in the sense of transferring knowledge from biochemistry and biophysics to breeding and agronomy, as CSIRO now has a successful wheat breeding program based on this earlier work of ours. Now that we have discovered a gene that controls water-use efficiency at the leaf level, we wish to see how the gene works, and how it affects mineral nutrition of leaves.Read moreRead less
Identifying genes controlling the regulatory and metabolic interactions between the energy organelles of the leaf. Plant energy metabolism underlies the synthesis of many important products in crops, and subtle changes in metabolism can enhance key plant traits, such as germination rates, early seedling vigour, biomass/yield, and tolerance to harsh environments. Furthering our understanding on the complex interplay of genes controlling energy metabolism and its impact on leaf function has potent ....Identifying genes controlling the regulatory and metabolic interactions between the energy organelles of the leaf. Plant energy metabolism underlies the synthesis of many important products in crops, and subtle changes in metabolism can enhance key plant traits, such as germination rates, early seedling vigour, biomass/yield, and tolerance to harsh environments. Furthering our understanding on the complex interplay of genes controlling energy metabolism and its impact on leaf function has potential outcomes for smart genetic manipulation either by classical breeding or genetic transformation. There are more than 10,000 genes of unknown function in plant genomes and this represents a tremendous untapped resource for future Australian R&D outcomes and insights from this research proposal will have application to all plant-based agriculture.Read moreRead less
Molecular and Cellular Characterisations of the Cortical Actin Cytoskeleton in the Plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant cells contain extensive arrays of the cytoskeletal protein actin that attach to the plasma membrane and may play important roles in cell elongation through interactions with cortical microtubules. However, the organisation, dynamics and functions of cortical actin remain poorly understood. I will combine cell and molecular approaches to understanding cortical actin in living tissu ....Molecular and Cellular Characterisations of the Cortical Actin Cytoskeleton in the Plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant cells contain extensive arrays of the cytoskeletal protein actin that attach to the plasma membrane and may play important roles in cell elongation through interactions with cortical microtubules. However, the organisation, dynamics and functions of cortical actin remain poorly understood. I will combine cell and molecular approaches to understanding cortical actin in living tissue of Arabidopsis, using both wild-type and previously uncharacterised mutants, and will develop a novel mutational screening strategy to isolate mutants disrupted in plasma membrane or microtubule binding. This research will contribute significantly to a greater understanding of how the plant grows and develops.Read moreRead less
The metabolic and enzymatic regulation of C4 photosynthesis and its impact on photosynthetic productivity. Australia's tropical pastures are dominated by plants utilising the C4 photosynthetic pathway. World wide C4 grasslands contribute to approximately 20% of global primary productivity. C4 plants also include important crop species such as maize, sorghum and sugar cane and are considered ideal species for bio-fuel production. This project will use a novel functional genomic/metabolomics appro ....The metabolic and enzymatic regulation of C4 photosynthesis and its impact on photosynthetic productivity. Australia's tropical pastures are dominated by plants utilising the C4 photosynthetic pathway. World wide C4 grasslands contribute to approximately 20% of global primary productivity. C4 plants also include important crop species such as maize, sorghum and sugar cane and are considered ideal species for bio-fuel production. This project will use a novel functional genomic/metabolomics approach to provide fundamental insights into the biochemical regulation of C4 photosynthesis under different environmental conditions. This will aid in the development of mathematical models of C4 photosynthesis required in climate models of CO2 exchange and enhance our ability to improve photosynthetic performance of agricultural species.Read moreRead less
Proteome Analysis of Plant Response Pathways to Microbial Signals in the Model Legume, Medicago truncatula. This project will investigate plant responses to soil microbes in the model legume, Medicago truncatula, to provide fundamental information needed to design crops with improved abilities to interact beneficially with soil microbes. Plant development and performance are significantly influenced by soil microbes, but it is largely unknown how the information contained in microbial signalling ....Proteome Analysis of Plant Response Pathways to Microbial Signals in the Model Legume, Medicago truncatula. This project will investigate plant responses to soil microbes in the model legume, Medicago truncatula, to provide fundamental information needed to design crops with improved abilities to interact beneficially with soil microbes. Plant development and performance are significantly influenced by soil microbes, but it is largely unknown how the information contained in microbial signalling molecules is relayed to plants. Proteome analysis and immunocytochemistry will be combined to identify and localise differentially expressed proteins in roots treated with specific microbial signal molecules. Annotated Proteome databases will be generated to strengthen and complement an international project on M. truncatula genome analysis.Read moreRead less