Mechanism of transmission of calcium waves by glial cells. This research concerns determining the fundamental properties of cells that occupy about 70% of the brain, the glial cells. Two very important discoveries on glial cells have recently been made, namely that they can convey information in the form of patterns of waves and that they possess molecules on their surface membranes that have been implicated in psychotic disorders. One such molecule is called the D2 receptor and its malfunctioni ....Mechanism of transmission of calcium waves by glial cells. This research concerns determining the fundamental properties of cells that occupy about 70% of the brain, the glial cells. Two very important discoveries on glial cells have recently been made, namely that they can convey information in the form of patterns of waves and that they possess molecules on their surface membranes that have been implicated in psychotic disorders. One such molecule is called the D2 receptor and its malfunctioning has been implicated in schizophrenia. Our research will determine the way in which information is propagated in the glial system of the brain and also illuminate the function of several of the molecules found on the surface of the glial cells.Read moreRead less
Neuron-microglia signalling mechanisms. This research concerns determining the fundamental mechanisms by which one of the principal non-neuronal cells in the brain , the microglial cell, interacts with neurons to change their properties. The correct functioning of neural networks is necessary for our normal behaviour. Such networks can be disrupted and indeed destroyed by the release of inflammatory molecules from microglial cells. In this work the way in which anti-inflammatory molecules are re ....Neuron-microglia signalling mechanisms. This research concerns determining the fundamental mechanisms by which one of the principal non-neuronal cells in the brain , the microglial cell, interacts with neurons to change their properties. The correct functioning of neural networks is necessary for our normal behaviour. Such networks can be disrupted and indeed destroyed by the release of inflammatory molecules from microglial cells. In this work the way in which anti-inflammatory molecules are released from the microglia will be elucidated, thus providing insight into how to prevent the destructive actions of the inflammatory molecules on the nervous system. Read moreRead less
Diversity and Defence: Characterisation of Extremely Variable Defensive Proteins from Sea Urchins. Antibiotic resistance is a global problem. In this project, we will study a new class of potential antibiotics - purpuratins - from sea urchins. Purpuratins are unique when compared to other antimicrobials because of their extreme structural diversity. By investigating that diversity, we will shed new light on biological methods for targeted drug design. This information will be critical to the de ....Diversity and Defence: Characterisation of Extremely Variable Defensive Proteins from Sea Urchins. Antibiotic resistance is a global problem. In this project, we will study a new class of potential antibiotics - purpuratins - from sea urchins. Purpuratins are unique when compared to other antimicrobials because of their extreme structural diversity. By investigating that diversity, we will shed new light on biological methods for targeted drug design. This information will be critical to the development of tailor-made antibiotics that are fine-tuned to kill particular micro-organisms. Our work represents a collaboration between researchers in Australia and the United States. It contributes directly to international scientific co-operation whilst providing high level training for young Australian researchers and students. Read moreRead less
Gamete-specific knockout of Fizzy-Related to examine its meiotic role in oocytes and sperm. Fizzy-Related is a gene that appears to be essential in making an ovulated egg, and it may also have an important role to play in making sperm. A mouse knockout will be generated to examine exactly how it functions; because it affects the egg number remaining in the ovary and egg quality Fizzy-Related may be eventually an important therapeutic target.
On the move: the study of self-organised movement of animal groups with and without leadership. This project will uncover the common principles that control the movement of large groups of organisms. We will focus on swarming honey bees, hopping bands of billions of locusts and millions of crickets marching in unison. The outcomes of our research will be broadly applicable to other collective phenomena, even to traffic and crowd control in humans.
The evolution of insect genitalia: phallic reversal in Australian praying mantids. This project will enhance our knowledge of the evolutionary processes that drive biodiversity within species and speciation itself. These issues are fundamental to evolutionary biology, and are of great interest for the general public. We have been extraordinarily successful in communicating our research to the public via natural history articles and films. We will continue to generate high impact publications fro ....The evolution of insect genitalia: phallic reversal in Australian praying mantids. This project will enhance our knowledge of the evolutionary processes that drive biodiversity within species and speciation itself. These issues are fundamental to evolutionary biology, and are of great interest for the general public. We have been extraordinarily successful in communicating our research to the public via natural history articles and films. We will continue to generate high impact publications from this research that will increase the international research profile of Australia in the scientific community. This project will establish international collaborations between Australia and the University of Exeter in Cornwall (UK) and provide employment and high quality training to a research associate and a research assistant. Read moreRead less
Blue-banded bees as greenhouse pollinators: healthy and consistent supplies for reliable pollination services. Native blue-banded bee pollination of tomatoes will increase crop yield by 15-20% through improved pollination and simultaneously decrease labour costs by $16,000/Ha/year. The use of blue-banded bees will change the face of the industry. It will cause a 90% decrease in the use of pesticides, increase the use of biological pest management and give rise to a novel industry to provide pol ....Blue-banded bees as greenhouse pollinators: healthy and consistent supplies for reliable pollination services. Native blue-banded bee pollination of tomatoes will increase crop yield by 15-20% through improved pollination and simultaneously decrease labour costs by $16,000/Ha/year. The use of blue-banded bees will change the face of the industry. It will cause a 90% decrease in the use of pesticides, increase the use of biological pest management and give rise to a novel industry to provide pollination services. Blue-banded bee pollination will open up international markets through production of improved quality with less production costs and healthier production methods. Furthermore, the project will remove an environmental threat by providing a native substitute for alien bumblebees.Read moreRead less
Overcoming limits of miniaturisation to enhance spatial memory capacities. Ensuring optimal efficiency at the smallest possible physical limit is a challenge for technical systems, which has been elegantly solved by biological systems. This project aims to identify how insects with miniature brains enhance their memory capacities. It will leverage previous ARC funded research on navigation of Australian ants and apply sophisticated analytical tools to quantify the neural connectivity in the brai ....Overcoming limits of miniaturisation to enhance spatial memory capacities. Ensuring optimal efficiency at the smallest possible physical limit is a challenge for technical systems, which has been elegantly solved by biological systems. This project aims to identify how insects with miniature brains enhance their memory capacities. It will leverage previous ARC funded research on navigation of Australian ants and apply sophisticated analytical tools to quantify the neural connectivity in the brain in the context of spatial memory. Expected outcomes include understanding how expensive neural tissue can be miniaturised for efficient spatial navigation, identifying the consequences of miniaturisation for developing miniature and autonomous agents, enhancing research capacity and institutional collaborations.Read moreRead less
Social insects as model systems in complexity science. Many optimisation algorithms are based on the behaviour of social insects. These algorithms function well under static conditions, when there is only one optimal solution. This project will determine how individual insect behaviour affects collective behaviour. Outcomes will allow the development of better algorithms.
Predictability in evolution: From behaviour to genome. This project aims to determine whether evolution is primarily unpredictable and stochastic, or predictable and constrained along certain pathways. By using a natural experiment that caused wood-feeding cockroaches to evolve into soil-burrowing cockroaches in response to climate change millions of years ago, this project will determine how the genomes of these organisms responded. This will show whether the same molecular changes are repeated ....Predictability in evolution: From behaviour to genome. This project aims to determine whether evolution is primarily unpredictable and stochastic, or predictable and constrained along certain pathways. By using a natural experiment that caused wood-feeding cockroaches to evolve into soil-burrowing cockroaches in response to climate change millions of years ago, this project will determine how the genomes of these organisms responded. This will show whether the same molecular changes are repeatedly used in the evolution of complex traits, including burrow construction. This will contribute to the understanding of how predictable evolution is at the molecular level, and provide insights into how genomes change in response to prolonged climate change.Read moreRead less