The goal of our work is to improve outcomes for patients who are blind or seriously visually impaired as a result of corneal disease. Such patients can regain vision through a corneal transplant, but many such transplants fail. A corneal graft may fail because of an unwanted immune response, because blood vessels grow into the graft, or because some corneal cells die. We plan to transfer genes to the donor cornea in the laboratory, prior to corneal transplantation, to avoid such failure.
Application Of Adult Stem Cells To Bioengineered Corneal Epithelium And Endothelium Autografts
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$92,314.00
Summary
Damage to the cornea causes vision loss. Transplants can restore sight but carry risk of rejection and therefore require anti-rejection therapy, which has side effects. Bioengineered corneal components could replace transplants. Our goals are: 1) Growth of corneal endothelium and epithelium from adult stem cells to reduce the amount of tissue so the patient's own cells could be used. 2) Develop scaffolds that are suitable for implantation or other methods to deliver cells.
Chronic TLR9 Activation As A Mechanism For Granulomatous Reaction In The Cornea
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$283,416.00
Summary
Corneal opacities due to microbial infections are a major cause of blindness globally. Our novel data show that the presence of viral/bacterial DNA in the cornea induces formation of multinucleated giant cells, which are hallmarks of granulomatous reaction commonly seen in viral-induced corneal disease. Understanding the mechanisms and kinetics of macrophage differentiation in the inflamed cornea may lead to novel treatments for chronic inflammatory conditions in the eye and in other organs.
A Novel Mesenchymal Stromal Cell And Biomaterial For Corneal Reconstruction
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$508,611.00
Summary
Our research group has identified a new cell type (L-MSC) with the potential to treat a variety of eye diseases. We have also developed a novel material from a protein found in silk, that has potential as a vehicle for delivering healthy cells into diseased eyes. The present project will build upon these promising results by evaluating the properties of L-MSC necessary for clinical use and by testing the feasibility of our new cell delivery system.
Regional Immunosuppression For Corneal Transplantation
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$268,264.00
Summary
Blindness exerts major physical, emotional and economic constraints and hardship upon the sufferer. Corneal transplantation is a well-accepted surgical treatment for visual impairment caused by opacification of the cornea, the transparent window at the front of the eye. Corneas for transplantation are retrieved from people who have recently died, after permission has been sought from the donor's family. Unfortunately, a significant proportion of corneal transplants fail because they are recogniz ....Blindness exerts major physical, emotional and economic constraints and hardship upon the sufferer. Corneal transplantation is a well-accepted surgical treatment for visual impairment caused by opacification of the cornea, the transparent window at the front of the eye. Corneas for transplantation are retrieved from people who have recently died, after permission has been sought from the donor's family. Unfortunately, a significant proportion of corneal transplants fail because they are recognized as foreign, and undergo rejection by the recipient. Once a corneal graft has failed, it is no longer transparent to light. A number of novel interventions are being developed to reduce the incidence of corneal graft rejection, but at present it is uncertain exactly how these should be delivered to the patient. The research described in this application is designed to discover how therapeutic agents and interventions can best be targeted, to prevent corneal graft rejection. Overcoming an unwanted immune response would improve the outcome of corneal transplantation by as much as thirty percent.Read moreRead less
Melanoma Diagnosis, And The Effect Of Screening On Depth Of Invasion Of Melanoma.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$399,961.00
Summary
AIMS This study will assess how melanoma is diagnosed in Queensland, and if improvements can be made. It will assess if skin screening gives earlier diagnosis of some melanomas, and also if it leads to the diagnosis of some thin melanomas which would not progress if left alone. SIGNIFICANCE Melanoma is the most common invasive cancer in Queensland, with some 1,963 people diagnosed annually with the disease. The outlook for these patients varies dramatically with the depth of invasion of melanoma ....AIMS This study will assess how melanoma is diagnosed in Queensland, and if improvements can be made. It will assess if skin screening gives earlier diagnosis of some melanomas, and also if it leads to the diagnosis of some thin melanomas which would not progress if left alone. SIGNIFICANCE Melanoma is the most common invasive cancer in Queensland, with some 1,963 people diagnosed annually with the disease. The outlook for these patients varies dramatically with the depth of invasion of melanoma. Melanoma diagnosed and treated when very thin has an excellent long-term outcome, whereas the outcome for deeply invasive melanoma is much less favourable. Improvements to diagnosis are currently our best hope of reducing deaths and serious distress from this disease. This will be the largest study in the world of the process of diagnosis of melanoma: information on how melanoma presents, and the time between presentation and diagnosis will be compared between thin and deeply invasive melanoma. Results may indicate areas for improvement in education or health services. The use of screening, either by individuals themselves or by health professionals, has the potential to achieve early diagnosis. However, there is currently no good information on whether screening is actually effective. This study will assess the impact of self-screening and doctor screening on the depth of invasion of melanoma at presentation, and ultimately on the likelihood of dying from melanoma. The study will also assess the potential impact of screening on the over-diagnosis of lesions which while labeled as melanoma, may in fact be biologically non-progressive. This is an important issue of current concern internationally. This study will be one of only two studies in the world currently addressing this issue. This project is directly relevant to the early detection and optimum management of the most common invasive cancer in Queensland, and will have relevance internationally.Read moreRead less
Blindness exerts major physical, emotional and economic constraints and hardship upon the sufferer. Transplant surgery can restore vision to many people who are visually impaired as a result of disease affecting the front of the eye. The transplant itself is taken from the eye of a person who has died, after consent from the donor's family. Our goal is to improve the outcome for patients who require transplants of tissue to the front of the eye, in order to restore their vision or to relieve pai ....Blindness exerts major physical, emotional and economic constraints and hardship upon the sufferer. Transplant surgery can restore vision to many people who are visually impaired as a result of disease affecting the front of the eye. The transplant itself is taken from the eye of a person who has died, after consent from the donor's family. Our goal is to improve the outcome for patients who require transplants of tissue to the front of the eye, in order to restore their vision or to relieve pain. Our work is predicated on the finding that unwanted immune responses are the major cause of graft failure in such patients. The recipient recognizes the grafted tissue as being foreign, and rejects it. Treatment with conventional systemic drugs appears to hold little promise for further improvements in outcome, but gene therapy applied to the donor tissue may provide a safe and effective way of reducing transplant failure. Gene therapy can be undertaken on the donor tissue in the laboratory, prior to transplantation surgery. In this project, we will assess the suitability of a new method of modifying the transplant. All of the work will be performed on the laboratory bench, or in experimental animals.Read moreRead less