STan Intrapartum Fetal Monitoring (cardiotocographic Plus Electrocardiographic) Compared With Cardiotocographic (CTG) Monitoring Alone: An Australian Randomised Controlled Trial
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$791,369.00
Summary
Women in high risk labour have their babies monitored by electronic fetal monitoring. This detects unborn babies not coping during labour, but may lead to unnecessary caesarean sections by incorrectly indicating that the baby is at risk. We will compare CTG to STan monitoring, which may give fewer false readings. We will show if STan reduces emergency caesarean section, and will investigate the impact on the baby, assess psychological aspects such as mental health and wellbeing, and costs.
Breaking The Intergenerational Cycle Of Obesity Through Nutritional Interventions
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$477,180.00
Summary
The nutritional environmental experienced by an individual before birth and in early infancy is a critical determinant of their risk of obesity and assocaited metabolic disorders in later life. Over the course of this fellowship, I will focus on defining the nutritional factors which are the key drivers of this metabolic programming. My ultimate aim is to identify nutritional interventions during pregnancy and/or early infancy which can improve the long-term health outcomes of the child and redu
Defining The Optimal Nutrition In Pregnancy And Early Life To Prevent Childhood Obesity
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$428,900.00
Summary
Obesity threatens to reduce the length and quality of life of future generations and prevention is a priority. There is now good evidence that the risk a person has of becoming obese is related to the nutritional environment they experience before birth and in early infancy. My research aims to identify nutritional strategies which can be applied safely during pregnancy and infancy to help reduce body fat mass in children and improve their long term health outcomes.
Improving The Outcomes For Mothers And Babies After IVF Using Big Data Research
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$309,754.00
Summary
This Fellowship by using an array of modern and advanced research methods will evaluate whether IVF is safer and more effective by freezing embryos and transferring them in a subsequent menstrual cycle as compared to transferring the embryo in the same cycle where ovarian stimulation and egg collection have been performed. It will provide high quality evidence that will allow clinicians and patients to make informed choices regarding the safest IVF method for the health of mothers and babies.
Periconceptual Foundations For A Healthy Start To Life.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$11,022,802.00
Summary
Preconception and early pregnancy is a critical time for a women's health and that of her future child. New research suggests that a woman's genetic potential, her lifestyle and the physical and socioeconomic environment in which she lives, and her biological and social relationship with her male partner, all impact on the long term health of her baby. Abnormal events around the time of conception and in early pregnancy can predispose a newborn to later occurrence, in adult life, of conditions i ....Preconception and early pregnancy is a critical time for a women's health and that of her future child. New research suggests that a woman's genetic potential, her lifestyle and the physical and socioeconomic environment in which she lives, and her biological and social relationship with her male partner, all impact on the long term health of her baby. Abnormal events around the time of conception and in early pregnancy can predispose a newborn to later occurrence, in adult life, of conditions including heart disease, diabetes, obesity and stroke. These adverse events originate in the way that eggs and sperm develop, the uterus is prepared for implantation, the attachment of the early embryo to the lining of the uterus and subsequent growth of the placenta. This Program will study the early life events that promote or limit development of a baby's true potential for successful and healthy life. A better understanding of how lifestyle and environment interact with genes and biology to facilitate optimal growth of the fetus will underpin new preventative measures and therapeutic treatments for infertility, miscarriage and other reproductive disorders. The knowledge gained will inform health policy and clinical practise to improve reproductive health in all Australian women and promote healthy development in all Australian children. The team of researchers is a world-class group of clinicians, scientists and epidemiologists who have made major contributions to our understanding of this area. This team will interface with clinics and hospitals that engage with women prior to and during pregnancy, while having the influence to alter clinical and health practices as well as public health policies. The team will utilize the latest, most technologically advanced laboratory methods and clinical skills, including gene profiling, imaging of early pregnancy, randomised clinical trials and access to the best epidemiological and statistical assessments.Read moreRead less
Vitamin D In Pregnancy And Growth Of The Offspring.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$168,550.00
Summary
Vitamin D is a potent steroid hormone required for bone growth and mineralisation, and there is evidence that it regulates cell proliferation. Insufficiency in pregnant women is a cause for concern. The role of vitamin D in human fetal development has been little investigated. At the severe end of the maternal vitamin D insufficiency spectrum, a very small number of deficient neonates have congenital rickets. Low maternal vitamin D status has also been associated with neonatal hypocalcaemia and ....Vitamin D is a potent steroid hormone required for bone growth and mineralisation, and there is evidence that it regulates cell proliferation. Insufficiency in pregnant women is a cause for concern. The role of vitamin D in human fetal development has been little investigated. At the severe end of the maternal vitamin D insufficiency spectrum, a very small number of deficient neonates have congenital rickets. Low maternal vitamin D status has also been associated with neonatal hypocalcaemia and defective tooth enamel. Randomised trials have shown that giving vitamin D to deficient women significantly improves their offspring's birth size and length at a year of age, in one study even though all infants were given vitamin D supplements post-natally. We do not understand the nature of the relationship between maternal vitamin D status and offspring growth. There could be a continuous association, or a threshold vitamin D level below which offspring growth is impaired. If the latter is the case, that threshold value needs to be known. Furthermore, we do not know whether maternal vitamin D level in early or late gestation is most influential in terms of fetal and infant growth. Raised maternal parathyroid hormone (PTH) level is a marker of disturbed vitamin D metabolism. There is evidence that offspring are shorter with increasing level of maternal PTH. In a study in Geelong, 63% of 20-45 year old women tested in winter, and 32% tested in summer, had vitamin D levels in the range where PTH rises. Thus a significant proportion of women may have insufficient vitamin D, in early or late pregnancy, to sustain optimal fetal growth. These issues are important for the health of mothers and their offspring, and there are public health implications, in terms of maternal health and possibly later health of the offspring. These issues have not been investigated in Australia or elsewhere, and this is a novel and important study.Read moreRead less
Measuring Hypoxia Induced MRNA In Maternal Blood To Determine Acidaemic Status Of Growth Restricted Fetuses In Utero
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$120,253.00
Summary
Small babies are at greater risk of dying while inside their mothers and the right time to deliver them is an obstetric conundrum. Currently obstetricians rely on ultrasound measures of the baby's wellbeing which do not always correspond with how sick the baby truly is. There is a great need for a more accurate test. This research intends to show that a blood test from the mother can more accurately tell how sick the baby is and provide an answer to when is the best time to deliver the baby.
Pregnancy And Neonatal Diabetes Outcomes In Remote Australia (PANDORA) Cohort
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$2,395,410.00
Summary
The PANDORA study is a longitudinal birth cohort study recruited from a clinical register of Northern Territory women with diabetes in pregnancy (DIP). We will also recruit a comparator group of mothers without DIP and babies. Follow-up of mothers and infants to 3 years post-delivery will be from medical records, questionnaires and clinical assessment. Rates of progression to type 2 diabetes will be assessed among mothers, and growth, feeding patterns and diabetes risk markers among infants.
The Effects Of Maternal Health On Fetal Kidney Development And Its Function
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$297,338.00
Summary
There is an epidemic of renal disease among Australian aborigines. While much of this could have been prevented by effective control of Group A streptococcal skin infections, there is also evidence that the high susceptibility to end-stage renal disease is related to poor intrauterine development of the kidney as low- birth weight is a predisposing factor. Mothers, whose renal function is impaired, tend to have babies which are low birth weight. There is no knowledge about the effects of materna ....There is an epidemic of renal disease among Australian aborigines. While much of this could have been prevented by effective control of Group A streptococcal skin infections, there is also evidence that the high susceptibility to end-stage renal disease is related to poor intrauterine development of the kidney as low- birth weight is a predisposing factor. Mothers, whose renal function is impaired, tend to have babies which are low birth weight. There is no knowledge about the effects of maternal renal dysfunction on development of the fetal kidney. We have recently developed an animal model in which we can study the effects of maternal renal dysfunction on the development of the kidney of her offspring. Human beings form 60% of the functional units (nephrons) in the kidney in the last trimester. Sheep, like human beings (and unlike rats), completely form all the nephrons that they will ever have, during intrauterine life. While the fetal kidneys play an essential role in the formation of amniotic fluid, regulation of fetal fluid and electrolyte homeostasis depends on maternal renal function via transplacental transfer. If maternal renal function is reduced, it is likely that the fetal kidneys will be exposed to a greater volume and solute load through transplacental equilibration. This may have a profund effect on renal development especially if coupled with an inadequate maternal diet and a high maternal salt intake. Under these conditions we predict that development of the fetal kidney will be impaired and renal capacity after birth, reduced. This means that the kidney will 'age' more rapidly. Thus the affected individual would be predisposed to renal disease in adult life. In our animal model we will study the effects and interactions of maternal renal insufficiency, poor fetal nutrition and a high maternal salt intake on fetal kidney development and function.Read moreRead less
Does Weekly Iron Supplementation Increase Iron Uptake In Pregnant Women And Improve Maternal And Infant Health?
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$830,171.00
Summary
Anaemia and iron deficiency are common in pregnant women in developing countries and cause fatigue, prematurity, low birth weight, impaired infant groowth and development. Daily iron is recommended in pregnancy but often not taken because of unpleasant side-effects. Better strategies are needed to maintain iron and haemoglobin during pregnancy. We will compare the effect of weekly and daily iron tablets in 1200 pregnant Vietnamese women on anaemia rates, birthweight, maternal and infant health.