Human Hypothalamic Homologues To Autonomic Control Centres Identified In Rat And Monkey
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$358,770.00
Summary
The hypothalamus is a brain structure common to all mammals. Experiments on the rat have shown the hypothalamus to be fundamentally involved in cardiovascular control, fluid and electrolyte balance, food ingestion and energy metabolism, thermoregulatory and immune responses, and defensive-aggressive responses and reproduction. It is virtually impossible to perform functional studies in the human and, therefore, the human hypothalamic regions involved in these functions will be inferred from thei ....The hypothalamus is a brain structure common to all mammals. Experiments on the rat have shown the hypothalamus to be fundamentally involved in cardiovascular control, fluid and electrolyte balance, food ingestion and energy metabolism, thermoregulatory and immune responses, and defensive-aggressive responses and reproduction. It is virtually impossible to perform functional studies in the human and, therefore, the human hypothalamic regions involved in these functions will be inferred from their structural similarity to the centres identified in the rat. The present project will obtain structural-chemical data on the rat and monkey for the sole purpose of comparing these data with similar data on the human. The parts of the hypothalamus that deal with cardiovascular and other autonomic functions are expected to be similar in the rat and human and the present study will identify in the human all major regions that have been identified in the rat. The correspondence between an area in the rat brain and one in the human brain will be established primarily on the basis of chemical similarity. Corresponding areas tend to feature similar neurotransmitters, enzymes and other neuroactive substances. Some of the chemicals to be investigated are known to have a role in autonomic control. The chemical mapping study then serves two roles: (a) It permits the identification of the chemical profile (signature) of an area and consequently enables its identification in the human, and (b) it reveals the chemicals the area utilizes for possible theoretical and practical considerations. The present study will allow hypotheses derived from experimental work on the rat to be more meaningfully tested on humans. It will assist pathological and imaging investigations of the human brain.Read moreRead less
Ghrelin Receptor Signaling In The Brain Links Hunger To Mood And Motivation
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$721,909.00
Summary
Cells in the brain that respond to hunger may also promote obsessive compulsive behaviours often associated with mental illness, such as anorexia nervosa. This grant examines how the signals from the body inform the brain of hunger. Specially we examine if overactivity of hunger cells, in the absence of appropriate food intake can increase behaviours associated with mental illness.
This project is about the way that the brain controls reproduction. It is important because there is no known cause for infertility in a significant number people with such a problem. The project should inform us on new ways to manage particular forms of reproductive failure.
Gonadotropin Inhibitory Hormone (GnIH); A Negative Regulator Of Reproduction
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$752,936.00
Summary
Gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIH) is a short peptide of 8 amino acids that is produced by the brain and acts in a negative manner on brain and pituitary cells that control reproduction. This project aims to elucidate the role of GnIH in normal physiology and in states of stress and negative metabolic state. Work will be carried out in various species to define the function of the peptide and also to investigate ways that it can be utilised to prevent reproduction.
Cardiovascular Effects Of Enhanced Leptin Signalling
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$1,200,972.00
Summary
Leptin treatment causes weight loss, but leptin also increases blood pressure. We wish to determine if increasing leptin signalling, by modifying signal transduction pathways within leptin sensitive cells in the brain, can reduce weight without increasing blood pressure.
Defining Reciprocal Neural Circuits That Regulate Appetite And Memory
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$341,935.00
Summary
How we remember meals influences how much we eat at later time points. This kind of memory likely comes from both the traditional brain areas associated with memory formation, and from areas associated with regulating appetite. How these two brain regions work together to help animals remember what they ate, where they found it, and whether they liked it is not known. This project investigates how these memories are formed and how they are used by animals to make decisions about future meals.
Several natural chemicals in the brain and gut that regulate food intake and body weight have been identified. Their actions in regulating these processes are achieved through a complex yet little understood interaction with various molecules and receptors which leads to a cascade of reactions in the central nervous system. The aim if this PhD project is to elucidate the mechanisms of these interacting molecules to develop novel and effective leads for the prevention and treatment of obesity.