The conversion of remote location natural gas to fuels and chemicals. The objectives of the research programme will be to develop novel science, engineering and technology that will allow cost efficient conversion of remote gas reserves to liquid fuels and/or chemicals with minimal greenhouse gas emissions. The significance of the proposal rests in the fact that Australia has large remote location gas fields that cannot be exploited but faces, within ten years, trillion dollars a year balance of ....The conversion of remote location natural gas to fuels and chemicals. The objectives of the research programme will be to develop novel science, engineering and technology that will allow cost efficient conversion of remote gas reserves to liquid fuels and/or chemicals with minimal greenhouse gas emissions. The significance of the proposal rests in the fact that Australia has large remote location gas fields that cannot be exploited but faces, within ten years, trillion dollars a year balance of payments deficits due to a shortgae of liquid fuels. The development of new processes for gas to liquids conversion and new technology for existing processes is the essential aim of the proposed research.Read moreRead less
Plutonium - A new tracer of sediment transport into the Great Barrier Reef Lagoon. This work will quantify one of the most controversial threats to the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, namely the amount of sediment reaching the reef as a consequence of human activities. It will have economic implications for this major Australian tourist attraction, as well as the commercial fishing and agricultural and horticultural industries in the region. The direct economic value associated with these indust ....Plutonium - A new tracer of sediment transport into the Great Barrier Reef Lagoon. This work will quantify one of the most controversial threats to the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, namely the amount of sediment reaching the reef as a consequence of human activities. It will have economic implications for this major Australian tourist attraction, as well as the commercial fishing and agricultural and horticultural industries in the region. The direct economic value associated with these industries exceeds $1 billion per annum, and around 1 million people visit the inshore areas every year. Management of the park will benefit through improved understanding of the transport of sediment from the rivers to the lagoon and inner reef areas, and the fraction of the sediment attributable to anthropogenic practices. Read moreRead less
Developing a decision support system for the management of road runoff for water quality protection. Multiple stakeholders share a vested and often significant financial commitment to ensure water quality standards. These industries, in turn, are vital to the social and economic sustainability of many rural communities in Australia. Recent climatic trends of increasing drought episodes and related natural disasters such as bushfires are expected to increase the delivery of sediments and associat ....Developing a decision support system for the management of road runoff for water quality protection. Multiple stakeholders share a vested and often significant financial commitment to ensure water quality standards. These industries, in turn, are vital to the social and economic sustainability of many rural communities in Australia. Recent climatic trends of increasing drought episodes and related natural disasters such as bushfires are expected to increase the delivery of sediments and associated pollutants to streams. The proposed DSS will allow testing of various management scenarios with respect to road position and layout, thereby providing a planning and management tool, and a method to educate the practitioners involved in environmental management in Australia. Read moreRead less
Hydraulic Properties of Swelling Clay-Gel Soils: Electrolyte and Temperature Effects. We seek to understand the impacts of electrolytes and temperature on the equilibrium and water flow properties of swelling, clay-gel soils. These soils are important in cropping, the environment and industrial processes. Their hydraulic properties govern dewatering rates, rheology, and solute movement. Double layer theory (DLVO) successfully describes the equilibrium behaviour of model, parallel-plate clay syst ....Hydraulic Properties of Swelling Clay-Gel Soils: Electrolyte and Temperature Effects. We seek to understand the impacts of electrolytes and temperature on the equilibrium and water flow properties of swelling, clay-gel soils. These soils are important in cropping, the environment and industrial processes. Their hydraulic properties govern dewatering rates, rheology, and solute movement. Double layer theory (DLVO) successfully describes the equilibrium behaviour of model, parallel-plate clay systems in laboratories. However, equilibrium and water transport properties of less-ideal, clay slurries are poorly described by theory. Field clay-gels are therefore problematic. Outcomes will be better understanding of swelling clays, improved and more cost effective management techniques for gel soils and trained graduates.Read moreRead less
Enabling low greenhouse gas emissions from road vehicles through the proper use of alternative fuels. A major increase in alternative transport fuel use appears necessary in our response to the challenges of climate change and energy security. This proposal will advance our fundamental understanding of key aspects of the combustion of particular alternative fuels, thus enabling proper engine design and so maximising greenhouse and energy security benefits. Further, the Australian automotive indu ....Enabling low greenhouse gas emissions from road vehicles through the proper use of alternative fuels. A major increase in alternative transport fuel use appears necessary in our response to the challenges of climate change and energy security. This proposal will advance our fundamental understanding of key aspects of the combustion of particular alternative fuels, thus enabling proper engine design and so maximising greenhouse and energy security benefits. Further, the Australian automotive industry is a major employer and exporter, and needs to develop and/or maintain international leadership in low emission technologies to ensure its long term viability. This proposal builds a consortium of local organisations with common interests, thus helping local industry respond to several, significant challenges that they presently face.Read moreRead less
New approach to sensitivity assessment of complex simulation models for environmental management. The aims are (1) to develop new techniques that improve and extend the capabilities of sensitivity analysis of large and complex computer models for environmental management; and (2) with the industry partners, to test these techniques on models for salinity management in the Murray-Darling Basin. The project's significance is in providing new techniques able to answer a range of model users? questi ....New approach to sensitivity assessment of complex simulation models for environmental management. The aims are (1) to develop new techniques that improve and extend the capabilities of sensitivity analysis of large and complex computer models for environmental management; and (2) with the industry partners, to test these techniques on models for salinity management in the Murray-Darling Basin. The project's significance is in providing new techniques able to answer a range of model users? questions at acceptable computational cost, for complex models with outputs measured in a wide variety of ways. The outcomes will be new sensitivity assessment tools and experience of their use in an environmental application of great importance to Australia.Read moreRead less
Analysis of Possible Rules for Interstate Water Trading by the Australian Capital Territory. Rules will be studied and modelled for allowing ACT water trading with other states, within an agreed abstraction cap. The aim is to find administrative, constraining and price-setting rules that maximise the economic gain of trading to Australia, bearing in mind environmental constraints, infrastructure costs, transaction costs, and equity. Innovative challenges for the rules will be allowing ACT to se ....Analysis of Possible Rules for Interstate Water Trading by the Australian Capital Territory. Rules will be studied and modelled for allowing ACT water trading with other states, within an agreed abstraction cap. The aim is to find administrative, constraining and price-setting rules that maximise the economic gain of trading to Australia, bearing in mind environmental constraints, infrastructure costs, transaction costs, and equity. Innovative challenges for the rules will be allowing ACT to sell water now but buy it back later, thus providing for long term population growth; and handling the differences between ACT's spare storage capacity and urban uses, and the downstream irrigation uses with which trade is most likely.Read moreRead less
Inhibition Of IFN-?/? By Human Metapneumovirus And The Induction Of Inflammation
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$605,251.00
Summary
The newly isolated human metapneumovirus (hMPV) causes significant respiratory illness in infants, young children and the elderly. The virus can persist long-term and may predispose individuals to chronic lung disease. This proposal aims to determine the mechanisms by which hMPV infection causes respiratory disease, with a view to improving treatments and preventing disease.
Negotiation Support Systems for Groundwater Managment in Small Islands. Expanding populations and limited land area in small islands are increasing the pressures on fresh groundwater resources. The dilemma is how to protect shallow groundwater reserves without alienating traditional landowners and without generating costly conflicts. The problem is complex and involves the interaction of hydrologic and technical factors with socio-cultural, economic, policy and institutional factors. Multi Agent ....Negotiation Support Systems for Groundwater Managment in Small Islands. Expanding populations and limited land area in small islands are increasing the pressures on fresh groundwater resources. The dilemma is how to protect shallow groundwater reserves without alienating traditional landowners and without generating costly conflicts. The problem is complex and involves the interaction of hydrologic and technical factors with socio-cultural, economic, policy and institutional factors. Multi Agent Systems (MAS) have been developed to study the interaction between societies and the environment. Here we will use MAS to develop Negotiation Support Systems for groundwater management in small islands.Read moreRead less
Clinical Review Of A Cohort Aged 22-33 Years Conceived Using Assisted Reproductive Technologies
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$946,454.00
Summary
In a recent study, using telephone-interviews, we compared the health and wellbeing of 547 singleton young adults born following assisted reproductive technologies (ART), with 549 matched controls. Reviewing their health when they are 22-33 years is possible because of their ongoing interest. We have a protocol in place to measure their cardiac and respiratory function and other aspects of growth and development. Our findings will fill a major knowledge gap about the longer term safety of ART.