Early diagnosis of melanoma remains extremely challenging. Currently there are no validated blood-based biomarkers for early diagnosis. Therefore, a reliable screening test is an unmet medical need. Autoantibodies are emerging as promising biomarkers for early cancer detection. In a proof of principle experiment we identified five autoantibodies that provide 95% sensitivity / specificity. Now we will confirm and validate our findings and develop a clinical test for melanoma diagnosis.
Regulation Of Stat1 Activity Levels: Abnormalities In Human Melanoma Cells Resistant To Interferon.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$227,036.00
Summary
Melanoma and its treatment continues to be an important health concern in Australia. The interferons comprise an elaborate system of natural substances produced in the body, one of whose functions is to prevent cancer cells from developing. The interferons have been widely used to treat human diseases including viral infections and cancers like malignant melanoma. However, results of recent trials have cast doubt on its effectiveness. We have found that advanced stage melanoma cells resist the d ....Melanoma and its treatment continues to be an important health concern in Australia. The interferons comprise an elaborate system of natural substances produced in the body, one of whose functions is to prevent cancer cells from developing. The interferons have been widely used to treat human diseases including viral infections and cancers like malignant melanoma. However, results of recent trials have cast doubt on its effectiveness. We have found that advanced stage melanoma cells resist the direct anti-cancer effects of interferons because they have abnormalities in their ability to respond to interferon. We have made good progress in understanding why the melanoma cells do not respond to the interferons. In particular they show a deficiency in the activity of protein, Stat1, required to send the interferon signal inside the cells. The current proposal will allow us to gain a greater understanding of the processes inside cancer cells regulating Stat1 activity and the reasons for its abnormality in interferon resistant cancer cells. This study will help establish an assay to predict which cancer patients will respond to interferon therapy, saving pateints from unecessary discomfort and costs. It will also have a broad significance to many human diseases where abnormalities in interferon signaling occur and will help to bring about ways to produce the necessary changes in cell properties to overcome the abnormalites, restore the responses and improve the application of interferons to treat melanoma and perhaps other human diseases as well.Read moreRead less
Advances in mobile telephone technology and available dermoscopic attachments (which provide a good light and magnification) for mobile telephones have created a unique opportunity for mobile teledermoscopy. This study will test whether and how it can be integrated into the workflow of dermatologists to improve the early detection of skin lesions suspicious of melanoma.
Aberrant Transcriptional Signalling In The Progression And Metastasis Of Melanoma.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$353,033.00
Summary
There are currently no treatments that have any impact on decreasing mortality from metastatic melanoma. We have found 2 new variants in melanoma that may control the tumour growing and invading around the body. This study will examine the protein containing these changes with the aims of finding how they function differently, to identify their roles in the formation of melanoma, as well as to identify new targets for prevention and treatment of metastatic disease.
Genetic And Evironmenal Risk Factors For Melanoma: Translation Into Behavioural Change
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$250,900.00
Summary
GenoMEL, formerly known as the Melanoma Genetics Consortium, has focused on the identification of familial high penetrance melanoma genes. The joint programme of research has been very successful in the identification of susceptibility genes and developing joint data collection for gene-environment interaction studies. In order to continue its proactive role, GenoMEL wishes to develop a multidisciplinary European platform, directed towards: 1. developing shared resources and activities 2. identi ....GenoMEL, formerly known as the Melanoma Genetics Consortium, has focused on the identification of familial high penetrance melanoma genes. The joint programme of research has been very successful in the identification of susceptibility genes and developing joint data collection for gene-environment interaction studies. In order to continue its proactive role, GenoMEL wishes to develop a multidisciplinary European platform, directed towards: 1. developing shared resources and activities 2. identification of new susceptibility genes and understanding the role of these genes in tumours 3. investigation of genotype-phenotype interaction and gene-environment interaction for known susceptibility genes 4. investigation of attitudes to risk of melanoma in Europe, and translation of that risk perception into behavioural change 5. spreading excellence by creating a widely accessible web-based content management system (CMS) to address prevention, early detection, dealing with the diagnosis of melanoma and genetic counselling. Through GenoMEL's jointly executed research, groups will support the network's goal to maintain excellence in research, increase institutional integration and create an enduring structure of translational melanoma genetics research in Europe and other countries. European integration will enhance dialogue, disseminate expertise and resources, provide training and allow mobility of scientists within Europe. It is aimed to keep the network open and dynamic by adding new partners, especially in Eastern Europe where melanoma incidence rates may rise most precipitously in the near future, if the expected increase in wealth results in greater levels of sun exposure. There will be participation from four new European groups and others from Australia, the USA and Israel to capitalize on latitudinal (sun exposure) differences between these groups.Read moreRead less
Influence Of Skin Cancer On Topical Elongate Microparticle Drug Delivery
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$560,589.00
Summary
This project builds on a novel cutaneous delivery method using ‘rod-shaped’ microparticles we developed in the Dermatology Research Centre. Microparticle administration results in multiple punctures of the skin’s tough outer layers, increasing permeability. Furthermore, microparticle administration results in a uniform and continuous drug delivery profile within the treatment area, which is an important attribute for the treatment of skin diseases.
CARPETS: A Phase I Open Label Study Of The Safety And Immune Effects Of An Escalating Dose Of Autologous GD2 Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Expressing Peripheral Blood T Cells In Patients With Metastatic BRAF-Mutant And GD2-Positive Melanoma
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$351,583.00
Summary
Malignant melanoma is increasing in incidence in Australia. Current drugs for advanced melanoma are only sometimes effective. BRAF blocking drugs with promising anti-melanoma activity are being tested in Australia but drug resistance is developing. We will genetically engineer the patient’s own T cells to redirect them against the melanoma. The feasibility, safety, and immune effects of this approach will be tested in patients whose advanced melanoma is no longer responding to BRAF blockers.