A Typological Study of the Sound Systems of the New Guinea-Melanesia Area. This project aims to complete the first detailed cross-linguistic study of the sound systems of the New Guinea Melanesia area. More than one quarter of the world's languages are spoken in this region which remains very little known from a linguistics perspective. Results of this study should have important ramifications for our understanding of: (1) the nature of languages in the region, and of language in general (2) ph ....A Typological Study of the Sound Systems of the New Guinea-Melanesia Area. This project aims to complete the first detailed cross-linguistic study of the sound systems of the New Guinea Melanesia area. More than one quarter of the world's languages are spoken in this region which remains very little known from a linguistics perspective. Results of this study should have important ramifications for our understanding of: (1) the nature of languages in the region, and of language in general (2) phonological description and theory (3) phonological description and theory (4) linguistic diffusion and influence in an area that extends from Eastern Timor to Vanuatu and New Caledonia.Read moreRead less
The Baining languages: a window on the history of Island Melanesia. Papua New Guinea is Australia's nearest neighbour. The province of East New Britain is one of Papua New Guinea's most economically important regions due to its significant natural resources. However, it is also home to long-standing ethnic tensions over the distribution of land and resources. This project will increase Australia's understanding of the languages, cultures, history and politics of the province, and strengthen Aust ....The Baining languages: a window on the history of Island Melanesia. Papua New Guinea is Australia's nearest neighbour. The province of East New Britain is one of Papua New Guinea's most economically important regions due to its significant natural resources. However, it is also home to long-standing ethnic tensions over the distribution of land and resources. This project will increase Australia's understanding of the languages, cultures, history and politics of the province, and strengthen Australia's ability to make informed economic and political decisions in the area. The project will reinforce Australia's leadership in the field of Melanesian Studies, train postgraduate students, and strengthen strategic ties in the region.Read moreRead less
Proto Oceanic Language, culture and environment: Foundations of the Austronesian settlement of the Pacific. The project aims to reconstruct the lexicon of Proto Oceanic. Proto Oceanic was ancestral to most Austronesian languages of Melanesia, Polynesia and Micronesia. By paying attention to the semantics of terminologies, we expect to learn much about the culture, society and cosmology of Proto Oceanic speakers and their conception of and adaptation to the natural environment. The results will ....Proto Oceanic Language, culture and environment: Foundations of the Austronesian settlement of the Pacific. The project aims to reconstruct the lexicon of Proto Oceanic. Proto Oceanic was ancestral to most Austronesian languages of Melanesia, Polynesia and Micronesia. By paying attention to the semantics of terminologies, we expect to learn much about the culture, society and cosmology of Proto Oceanic speakers and their conception of and adaptation to the natural environment. The results will be presented in Volumes 3-5 of a five-volume series. Volume 1 was published in 1998; volume 2 is almost complete. This project will support fundamental research for volumes 3 (flora and fauna), 4 (people and society) and 5 (indices, etc).
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New Guinea's place in Southeast Asia: a study integrating archaeology, linguistics and genetics. The multi-disciplinary research will develop an historical context for understanding present-day processes of cultural interaction in eastern Indonesia. Understanding Australia's past, and that of its neighbours, is a clear need for our country. The Onin Peninsula of western New Guinea (within Indonesia's Papua Barat Province) is the focus of multi-disciplinary research, involving archaeology and lin ....New Guinea's place in Southeast Asia: a study integrating archaeology, linguistics and genetics. The multi-disciplinary research will develop an historical context for understanding present-day processes of cultural interaction in eastern Indonesia. Understanding Australia's past, and that of its neighbours, is a clear need for our country. The Onin Peninsula of western New Guinea (within Indonesia's Papua Barat Province) is the focus of multi-disciplinary research, involving archaeology and linguistics, and incorporating human genetics to better understand the historical construction of identity within this region westward to Island Southeast Asia over the last 10,000 years and to develop closer ties with researchers in our neighbouring country.Read moreRead less
Tai, Sino-Tai and Sino-Tibetan: the Nature of Historical Relationship. What is the relationship between Chinese and Tai? Where did they originate? What is the position of Tai in Sino-Tibetan? The project will advance our present knowledge by conducting empirical investigations of these issues. Using a heuristic approach combining several methods, it will shed light on how Chinese and Tai have interacted and developed diachronically over 2,000 years. The model developed will open a window on th ....Tai, Sino-Tai and Sino-Tibetan: the Nature of Historical Relationship. What is the relationship between Chinese and Tai? Where did they originate? What is the position of Tai in Sino-Tibetan? The project will advance our present knowledge by conducting empirical investigations of these issues. Using a heuristic approach combining several methods, it will shed light on how Chinese and Tai have interacted and developed diachronically over 2,000 years. The model developed will open a window on the early history of Chinese and Tai languages and cultures, and will facilitate cross-linguistic comparison and explain linguistic complexities underpinning linguistic affiliation and language development.Read moreRead less
Languages in Deep Time: the Papuan languages of Island Melanesia and their wider relationships. With its natural focus on the islands of the Southwest Pacific, and the associated mainland of New Guinea, the project has particular relevance for the understanding of the origins of our nearest neighbours. It is envisaged that the results of this project will generate considerable interest outside specialist circles, demonstrating Australian achievements in science on the international stage.
Understanding Indonesian: developing a machine-usable grammar, dictionary and corpus. Australia's relationship with Indonesia is of great significance. The need for good relationships founded on appreciation of the range of societies and views in modern Indonesia is widely acknowledged. A better knowledge of the languages is essential for this, and so are fast, efficient information gathering systems for processing multilingual sources (including Indonesian text), that can analyse large volumes ....Understanding Indonesian: developing a machine-usable grammar, dictionary and corpus. Australia's relationship with Indonesia is of great significance. The need for good relationships founded on appreciation of the range of societies and views in modern Indonesia is widely acknowledged. A better knowledge of the languages is essential for this, and so are fast, efficient information gathering systems for processing multilingual sources (including Indonesian text), that can analyse large volumes of text. The skills to build such systems exist internationally. Through collaboration with established international teams, we plan to transfer cutting-edge skills in the development of machine-useable grammars to Australian researchers, and to create the language resources essential for understanding Indonesian.Read moreRead less
Community languages in early 21st Century Australia. Drawing on the 2001 and earlier censuses, three in-depth studies and a survey of community institutions, this project will provide an up-to-date assessment of the use and maintenance levels of a range of community languages and of Australia's changing language demography. It will test models of language maintenance/shift and the impact of census question changes on the calculation of language shift. It will contribute to the international lite ....Community languages in early 21st Century Australia. Drawing on the 2001 and earlier censuses, three in-depth studies and a survey of community institutions, this project will provide an up-to-date assessment of the use and maintenance levels of a range of community languages and of Australia's changing language demography. It will test models of language maintenance/shift and the impact of census question changes on the calculation of language shift. It will contribute to the international literature in the field as well as to a greater understanding of our own community. The latter will allow an informed approach to Australian language policy issues in the early twenty-first century.Read moreRead less
Proto Oceanic language, people and society: Foundations of the Austronesian settlement of the Pacific. The settlement of the farflung Pacific Islands is an important chapter in human history. The origins of the languages and cultures of this region, and how the first settlers adapted to and exploited the island environments they encountered, which this study investigates in great detail, are matters of interest not only to scientists but to a wider public which includes Pacific Islanders themse ....Proto Oceanic language, people and society: Foundations of the Austronesian settlement of the Pacific. The settlement of the farflung Pacific Islands is an important chapter in human history. The origins of the languages and cultures of this region, and how the first settlers adapted to and exploited the island environments they encountered, which this study investigates in great detail, are matters of interest not only to scientists but to a wider public which includes Pacific Islanders themselves. Research on this scale requires a great deal of intellectual capital and this project will help to ensure that Australia maintains at least one strong research centre in this field. Read moreRead less
Indigenous languages of eastern East Timor: description and contact studies. Both Austronesian and Papuan languages from eastern East Timor have undergone substantial changes which have presumably resulted from communal bilingualism in both sorts of languages. The project aims to document and explain these changes. Language contact has traditionally been a neglected area in historical linguistics and the East Timor situation will provide valuable material for a general theory of language chan ....Indigenous languages of eastern East Timor: description and contact studies. Both Austronesian and Papuan languages from eastern East Timor have undergone substantial changes which have presumably resulted from communal bilingualism in both sorts of languages. The project aims to document and explain these changes. Language contact has traditionally been a neglected area in historical linguistics and the East Timor situation will provide valuable material for a general theory of language change. Book length grammars of an Austronesian and a Papuan language, further grammatical sketches, and a number of papers on language contact will be produced as a result of the project.Read moreRead less