Predicting Intrapartum Fetal Compromise At Term Using The Fetal Cerebro-umbilical Ratio And Placental Growth Factor Levels
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$86,733.00
Summary
A lack of oxygen to a baby after the onset of labour (i.e. fetal distress) in an otherwise healthy pregnancy is one of the top three causes of death in singleton pregnancies after 37 weeks. Our previous research has shown that a late pregnancy ultrasound scan combined with a blood test from the mother measuring the levels of a placental hormone can potentially identify pregnancies at risk. We aim to assess the value of this screening test at a major tertiary hospital.
The Role Of Vitamin D In Placental Development And Pregnancy Success
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$723,235.00
Summary
Vitamin D deficiency affects about 1 billion people worldwide, including up to 80% of Australians depending on age, skin colour and sun exposure. Vitamin D deficiency has now been associated with a large number of common diseases of aging and with pregnancy complications. This proposal will use human pregnancy serum and placenta, as well as mouse gene knockout models, to determine the hitherto unknown roles of vitamin D in development of the placenta and health of mother and baby.
Stillbirth is a global public health problem affecting 3 million babies annually. In Australia, almost 3,000 stillbirths occur each year, many of which are preventable if the pregnancy is recognised as being at risk. This fellowship will develop novel non-invasive techniques to identify these at risk pregnancies using biomarkers in the mother's blood and cutting edge imaging. The efficacy of these novel techniques to prevent stillbirths and improve pregnancy outcomes will then be assessed.
Developing Molecularly Targeted Therapeutics And Diagnostics For Pregnancy Complications
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$321,489.00
Summary
Pregnancy complications still causes the death of mothers, and their babies. During this fellowship, we will be developing new treatments and clinical tests for three important complications of pregnancy. We will run clinical trials of a new medication based treatment to cure ectopic pregnancies. We will also develop a blood test that can identify those babies still in the womb but suffering dangerously low oxygen levels. Lastly, we will develop drugs to treat preeclampsia, a serious condition o ....Pregnancy complications still causes the death of mothers, and their babies. During this fellowship, we will be developing new treatments and clinical tests for three important complications of pregnancy. We will run clinical trials of a new medication based treatment to cure ectopic pregnancies. We will also develop a blood test that can identify those babies still in the womb but suffering dangerously low oxygen levels. Lastly, we will develop drugs to treat preeclampsia, a serious condition of pregnancy.Read moreRead less
The Role Of Proteoglycans In Contributing To Placental Thrombosis And Fetal Growth Restriction
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$368,269.00
Summary
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a pregnancy complication in which the baby doesn�t grow properly in the womb. Growth restricted babies are much more likely to be stillborn. These babies are also at risk of problems later in life such as obesity, diabetes and heart disease. This study investigates molecules in the placenta that may be responsible for causing FGR. If we can understand how these molecules cause the problem of FGR, we may be able to find better ways of treating or preventing it.
The Cardiovascular Toll Of Pre-eclampsia: Determining Impacts On The Maternal, Fetal And Placental Vasculature.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$128,224.00
Summary
Pre-eclampsia is a common condition of pregnancy that causes a rise in blood pressure, protein in the urine and damage to other organs. It can cause significant harm to the mother and baby. In the long term, mums who have had pre-eclampsia are at a higher risk of developing heart problems. We want to explore how the heart changes in a pregnancy complicated by pre-eclampsia, and see if these changes can help us predict pregnancy risk and long term outcomes.
Differential Effects On Fetal Growth And Development Of Repeated Fetal Or Maternal Corticosteroid Treatments
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$356,849.00
Summary
Injections of synthetic hormones (corticosteroids) to women at risk of early preterm birth reduce the rate of respiratory illness and death in the newborn infant. It is standard clinical practice prior to early preterm birth to give corticosteroids by intramuscular injection to the mother. For many women, however, preterm birth does not occur as expected and it has become common practice to give repeated courses of corticosteroids to women in whom the risk of preterm delivery recurs or continues ....Injections of synthetic hormones (corticosteroids) to women at risk of early preterm birth reduce the rate of respiratory illness and death in the newborn infant. It is standard clinical practice prior to early preterm birth to give corticosteroids by intramuscular injection to the mother. For many women, however, preterm birth does not occur as expected and it has become common practice to give repeated courses of corticosteroids to women in whom the risk of preterm delivery recurs or continues. Using the sheep model, we have shown that repeated doses of corticosteroids, given intramuscularly to the mother, are of benefit to newborn lung function, but also reduce the rate of fetal growth and adversely affect brain development. Evidence from the Western Australian Preterm Infant Cohort Study suggests that birthweight in humans is similarly affected by repeated corticosteroids and is followed by behavioral disorders in childhood. Using sheep, we have shown that repeated injections of corticosteroids given directly to the fetus cause no reduction in birthweight although maturation is still enhanced. This finding of a differential effect of corticosteroids by different routes of administration raises several exciting opportunities and questions. First is the possibility that direct fetal treatment may be of use in humans, if current human trials show that repeated doses cause effects similar to those we have seen in sheep. Secondly, the finding challenges our current understanding of how an individual may be programmed for subsequent health or illness by prenatal events. The proposed study will attempt to explain why corticosteroids given to the mother, but not the fetus, restrict fetal growth. Our hypothesis is that these hormones, when given repeatedly to the mother, adversely affect the ability of the placenta to transfer essential nutrients to the fetus. We will test this hypothesis using pregnant sheep in which catheters have been implanted surgically.Read moreRead less
Understanding The Role Of Endogenous And Pharmacologic Glycosaminoglycans In Preventing Pre-eclampsia
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$516,642.00
Summary
Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a serious pregnancy complication that affects the well being of the mother and baby. There is no cure for PE except for delivery of the baby. This may result in delivery much earlier than expected causing a very premature baby. This study investigates substances in the placenta that may be responsible for causing PE. If we can understand how these substances cause the problem of PE, we may be able to find better ways of treating or preventing it.