Understanding the structure of the human retina is important for understanding normal visual function. The goal of this study is to supply data on the distribution, density and connectivity of nerve cells in the human retina. Our study will provide a foundation for areas of clinical investigation of the human retina.
Advanced New Therapeutics And Diagnostics In Retinal Diseases And Glaucoma
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$3,550,944.00
Summary
This program proposal targets the most common blinding diseases in clinical ophthalmology. The applicant team includes research and clinical ophthalmologists and basic scientists. The team have an internationally established reputation in bringing basic science discoveries to the point where they can impact directly on clinical diagnosis and therapy. The proposed research includes new treatment therapies for diabetic retinopathy, age related macular degeneration, and retinal vascular diseases. A ....This program proposal targets the most common blinding diseases in clinical ophthalmology. The applicant team includes research and clinical ophthalmologists and basic scientists. The team have an internationally established reputation in bringing basic science discoveries to the point where they can impact directly on clinical diagnosis and therapy. The proposed research includes new treatment therapies for diabetic retinopathy, age related macular degeneration, and retinal vascular diseases. A new diagnostic technique for glaucoma and new instrumentation for detecting areas of poor blood flow and oxygen supply in the eye are also to be developed. Past successes in our current program grant make us confident that we can produce clinically useful outcomes from this new proposal.Read moreRead less
INcidence And Progression Of Retinal Microvascular Signs In An Older Australian Cohort
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$62,022.00
Summary
This project aims to investigate the evolution of retinal microvascular signs and associated factors in an older, general population. 1. To investigate the 5-year and the 10-year incidence, progression and regression of retinal vascular wall signs in an older Australian population; 2. To relate the incidence, progression and regression of retinal vascular wall signs to cardiovascular risk factors (a: age, blood pressure; b: metabolic factors such as BMI, lipids and glucose levels); 3. To investi ....This project aims to investigate the evolution of retinal microvascular signs and associated factors in an older, general population. 1. To investigate the 5-year and the 10-year incidence, progression and regression of retinal vascular wall signs in an older Australian population; 2. To relate the incidence, progression and regression of retinal vascular wall signs to cardiovascular risk factors (a: age, blood pressure; b: metabolic factors such as BMI, lipids and glucose levels); 3. To investigate the incidence, progression and regression of retinal vascular wall signs in relation to inflammatory markers (white cell count, fibrinogen, hematocrit, platelet count); 4. To investigate the incidence, progression and regression of retinal vascular wall signs in relation to medication use (a: anti-hypertensive medications; b: aspirin and other NSAIDs; c. steroid use); 5. To relate the incidence, progression and regression of retinal vascular wall signs to specific lifestyle behaviours (alcohol consumption, smoking, exercise); 6. To investigate the incidence, progression and regression of retinal vascular wall signs and hormone replacement therapy use in women.Read moreRead less
Modelling Age-related Macular Degeneration Using Patient Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$86,117.00
Summary
It is now possible to induce patient own skin cells to become stem cells. These cells can then be guided to become any cell of the body. This technique allows the study of disease cells without the need of obtaining biopsies from diseased tissue, such as the retina. This project aims to study age-related macular degeneration using patients’ stem cells, which will be differentiated into cells affected in AMD. The role of specific genetic risks in the biology of these cells will be investigated.
Development Of A Computer-based Retinal Imaging Program For Identification Of People At Risk Of Cardiovascular Disease.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$254,714.00
Summary
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and imposes an enormous financial and healthcare burden on the Australian community. This project will develop and deliver a novel clinical prediction tool, incorporating retinal vascular imaging and assessment, to improve identification of asymptomatic people who are at high risk of cardiovascular disease at an early stage, allowing implementation of preventative strategies and medical interventions to effectively prevent CV disease.
Imaging The Human Fundus To Simultaneously Generate An Oxygenation And Blood Flow Map
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$565,944.00
Summary
This project aims to exploit a novel solution to a problem which has previously limited the potential for clinical diagnosis and monitoring of ischemic retinal diseases such as diabetic retinopathy. We have devised a method of simultaneously recording blood flow and oxygen saturation level using scanning laser techniques that are readily applicable clinically.
Brain Pathways Serving Conscious And Sub-conscious Vision
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$571,444.00
Summary
In humans and other primates the visual system comprises evolutionary new pathways (called magnocellular or M, and parvocellular or P) superimposed on evolutionary old pathways (called koniocellular or K). These parallel pathways carry visual information from the retina, through a brain centre in the thalamus called lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), to the cerebral neocortex. Our aim is to study the role of the K pathway in visual processing.
The Functional Basis Of Direction Selectivity In The Retina
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$376,320.00
Summary
Motion is an everday visual experience, and in this project we are attempting to explain how our brains are able to detect the direction in which an object is moving. Surprisingly this is first accomplished within the retina, the light-sensitive system of neurons at the back of the eye. Thus the eyes are able to tell the brain in which direction an object is moving. So the question becomes, how do the eyes do it? We know that there is a special class of neurons, the direction-selective ganglion ....Motion is an everday visual experience, and in this project we are attempting to explain how our brains are able to detect the direction in which an object is moving. Surprisingly this is first accomplished within the retina, the light-sensitive system of neurons at the back of the eye. Thus the eyes are able to tell the brain in which direction an object is moving. So the question becomes, how do the eyes do it? We know that there is a special class of neurons, the direction-selective ganglion cells, which are able to detect the direction of image motion. The activity of these cells is increased by excitatory connections and reduced by so-called inhibitory connections. This project aims to identify the neural origin of the inhibitory connections, and discover how the excitation and inhibition work together to compute the direction of motion.Read moreRead less
The Structural Basis Of Direction Selectivity In The Retina
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$401,705.00
Summary
The retina is part of the central nervous system and there are almost one hundred types of retinal neurons which process visual information before it is passed up the optic nerve to the brain. This project examines how some of these neurons are wired together to form a simple neuronal circuit that detects the direction of a moving object. The elucidation of the cellular mechanisms of direction selectivity will provide an important paradigm of complex processing by simple neuronal circuits, with ....The retina is part of the central nervous system and there are almost one hundred types of retinal neurons which process visual information before it is passed up the optic nerve to the brain. This project examines how some of these neurons are wired together to form a simple neuronal circuit that detects the direction of a moving object. The elucidation of the cellular mechanisms of direction selectivity will provide an important paradigm of complex processing by simple neuronal circuits, with direct relevance to information processing in other parts of the central nervous system. In particular, the project may provide strong evidence for two neuronal strategies that may be of general significance. First, information may be processed at a very local level, which would greatly increase the computational power of a single neuron. Second, neurons may make selective contact with only some processes of an input neuron, which would require novel mechanisms for producing the necessary specificity.Read moreRead less