Retinal Microvascular Signs In Acute Stroke: Prognostic Significance And Relevance To Underlying Pathophysiology
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$375,425.00
Summary
This project will describe abnormalities of the blood vessels of the retina in patients with stroke. Stroke is a common problem affecting some 48,000 Australians each year. Despite medical progress, stroke is commonly fatal (the third leading cause of death) and the leading cause of serious acquired disability in older people. This project will obtain detailed photographs of patients admitted to hospital with acute stroke. The acquired digital images will be analysed using new methods that asses ....This project will describe abnormalities of the blood vessels of the retina in patients with stroke. Stroke is a common problem affecting some 48,000 Australians each year. Despite medical progress, stroke is commonly fatal (the third leading cause of death) and the leading cause of serious acquired disability in older people. This project will obtain detailed photographs of patients admitted to hospital with acute stroke. The acquired digital images will be analysed using new methods that assess size of the small retinal arteries compared to veins (the arteriole-to-venule ratio) and will document other abnormalities, such as microaneurysms, haemorrhages, tortuosity and focal and generalised vessel narrowing and wall opacity. In normal populations these signs are associated with hypertension, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction and predict future stroke. These signs, and their significance have not been systematically studied in acute stroke. This may offer a window into the brain for important subgroups of stroke such as lacunar stroke. It is increasingly hard (and remains technically very difficult) to study the cause of lacunar stroke, affecting 10,000 Australians each year, as lacunar stroke has a lower fatality rate (and thus few opportunities for post mortem studies) but a high disability rate. Lacunar stroke is known to be due to small vessel disease but the exact nature of this disease is unknown. Echocardiography (to identify heart and major blood vessel abnormalities) and carotid duplex scanning (to identify critical stenosis of the major blood supply to the brain) are commonly normal in this type of stroke, and brain scanning with computerised tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) merely shows the outcome of the small vessel disease. The eye develops as part of the brain and thus retinal vascular abnormalities could add important knowledge to our understanding of stroke and add clinically useful data in the assessment of patients with stroke.Read moreRead less
Do Retinal Microvascular Signs Predict Ischaemic Heart Disease Subtype? The Australian Heart Eye Study (AHES)
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$65,532.00
Summary
Narrowing of the large vessels of the heart and abnormal function of the small vessels are both causes of coronary heart disease and chest pain.There are few non-invasive investigations to help differentiate between large and small vessel disease and assess one’s risk of developing disease in the future.The study uses retinal photography and coronary angiography to assess whether changes in the structure of the blood vessels of the eye may be used to identify the type of coronary heart disease a ....Narrowing of the large vessels of the heart and abnormal function of the small vessels are both causes of coronary heart disease and chest pain.There are few non-invasive investigations to help differentiate between large and small vessel disease and assess one’s risk of developing disease in the future.The study uses retinal photography and coronary angiography to assess whether changes in the structure of the blood vessels of the eye may be used to identify the type of coronary heart disease as well as the risk of future cardiac events.Read moreRead less
Retinal Microvascular Signs In Angina And Coronary Artery Disease: The Australian Heart Eye Study (AHES)
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$631,223.00
Summary
The Australian Heart Eye Study will determine whether vessel signs from the retina at the back of the eye are an independent marker of heart disease as assessed by a coronary angiogram. New imaging techniques permit a rapid assessment of these signs. This project could lead to the development of an innovative, non-invasive test that could be used to screen people for the risk of coronary heart disease, in addition to traditional risk factors like blood pressure, smoking, cholesterol and obesity.
Measurement And Prognostic Significance Of Retinal Vessel Parameters In Childhood
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$264,175.00
Summary
We propose that structural micro-vessel changes associated with blood pressure develop early in childhood and that these may predict future cardiovascular risk in adulthood. In order to address this important issue, we will measure retinal vascular diameter and other microvascular signs from retinal photographs taken of a large population-based sample of Sydney schoolchildren (n-4,093) during 2003-2005. This project included 1740 6-year olds and 2353 12-year olds from 52 schools across Sydney. A ....We propose that structural micro-vessel changes associated with blood pressure develop early in childhood and that these may predict future cardiovascular risk in adulthood. In order to address this important issue, we will measure retinal vascular diameter and other microvascular signs from retinal photographs taken of a large population-based sample of Sydney schoolchildren (n-4,093) during 2003-2005. This project included 1740 6-year olds and 2353 12-year olds from 52 schools across Sydney. Almost all had photos taken. We will test the hypothesis that retinal arteriolar calibre in children is strongly influenced by ambient (current) blood pressure, after accounting for confounding influences of image magnification (eye shape , size and refraction) and size of the child (body mass). We also predict that familial, eye and general health factors also determe diameter of retinal vessels, and will account for these in the analysis. We will test the notion that certain retinal vessel branches or trunks will be more affected by blood pressure variability than others. This finding, if shown, could improve our understanding of retinal micro-vessel signs in older adult populations and may assist developments of rapid image scanning to assess vessel diameter. In a pilot study grading retinal vessel diameters from one eye of a random sample of the 6-year old images, we found that increasing blood pressure was strongly associated with slightly narrower retinal arterioles. Though modest in magnitude, this effect was highly significant and was independent of other factors found to determine retinal vessel diameter. Evidence is emerging that cardiovascular disease may be linked to BP levels in early life. It seems possible that retinal micro-vessel changes in children may also predict future cardiovascular risk in adulthood. This research will evaluate measures to study the long-term effects of variations in blood pressure and its genesis in childhood.Read moreRead less
I am an academic clinician who has a principal interest in all aspects of diabetes, especially treatment and complications, and who is also involved in studies of antimalarial pharmacology.
The Cellular Organisation Of Interneurones In Human Retina
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$526,454.00
Summary
Our goal is to determine the numbers and types of nerve cells in the human retina: the part of the eye where visual processing starts. This data will serve as a baseline against which effects of visual disease can be measured.
Retinal Endothelial Cell Changes That Precede Retinal Vein Occlusion And The Retinal Extracellular Space Changes That Follow It
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$118,121.00
Summary
Dr. Min Hye Kang, at The University of Western Australia, is investigating microscopic blood vessel changes that precede the onset of devastating blindness. She is also studying functional changes that occur in the retina following deprivation of its blood supply. Her research has significantly improved our understanding of cellular mechanisms that lead to blindness. It has also aided in the development of new treatment strategies for the prevention of vision loss.
Glial-neuronal-vascular Interactions In A Novel Transgenic Model Of Muller Cell Dysfunction
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$626,585.00
Summary
Muller cell disfunction is a feature shared by many retinal diseases. This project aims to study the contribution of Muller cell dysfunction to retinal neuronal damage and blood-retinal barrier breakdown in a novel transgenic model we recently generated. Results of this study will also be of interest to scientists and clinicians seeking to understand better and treat diseases of the central nervous system in general.