Disorders Of Action Control And Learning-related Plasticity In The Basal Ganglia
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$434,874.00
Summary
Disorders of the basal ganglia have long been known to produce severe cognitive symptoms including a deficit in the control of voluntary action. This project will assess the learning processes through which humans and other animals acquire such actions. We will systematically investigate changes in cellular plasticity associated with the acquisition of new actions to establish the role that it plays in action control under normal and pathological conditions.
Strategies To Restore Bladder Control After Peripheral Nerve Injury
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$519,967.00
Summary
A major complication of pelvic surgery is loss of bladder control, mainly due to nerve injury at the time of removing cancerous tissue. This has a big effect on quality of life. Very little research has been conducted on injured bladder nerves. In this project we will investigate what happens to bladder nerves after injury and how we can make them regrow. We will also investigate if undamaged bladder nerves can be made to compensate for the lost function.
Pathologies Of Action Control: Amygdala-striatal Interactions And The Development Of Habits.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$431,867.00
Summary
Changes in basal ganglia function, whether produced by neurodegenerative disorders, stroke, injury or disease, can produce pathological changes in action control. This proposal will assess the role of amygdala afferents on basal ganglia structures, most notably the dorsal striatum, in this process. Using an animal model we will compare the role of central and basolateral amygdala inputs to striatum in decision-making, choice and the transition of actions to reflexive, habitual responses.
Mechanisms Underlying Increased Cardiac And Renal Noradrenaline Spillover During Heart Failure
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$492,681.00
Summary
Heart failure is associated with increased release of the neurotransmitter noradrenaline from sympathetic nerves to the heart and the kidney. The raised levels of this neurotransmitter in the heart and the kidney are harmful and lead to reduced survival in heart failure patients. This project will increase our understanding of the mechanisms that control noradrenaline release and may lead to better treatment paradigms to target the detrimental increase in release in heart failure.
Dysfunctions In Decision-making And The Cognitive Control Of Action
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$647,341.00
Summary
The aim of this research project is to establish the neural bases of dysfunctions in decision-making associated with deficits in the cognitive control of action. Decision-making is a complex capacity dependent on the interaction between neural systems that mediate cognition and the selection of specific actions. To this end we will examine the intracellular, cellular and circuit level processes controlling the influence of predictive information on choice between goal-directed actions.
The Role Of The Orbitofrontal Cortex In Disorders Of Response Inhibition
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$515,488.00
Summary
We will investigate the role of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in decision-making, particularly the effect of hyperactivity in the medial vs. ventrolateral orbitofrontal cortex on decision-making. Hyperactivity in these structures has been linked to obsessive compulsive disorder and, in line with the distinct functions of the different regions of OFC, we develop and test a novel hypothesis as to the psychological and neural bases of the obsessions and compulsions distinctive to that disorder.
The Role Of Sodium Channels In Pain And Cold Allodynia
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$349,306.00
Summary
Many types of chronic pain remain poorly treated and severely impact the quality of life of millions of Australians. Cold allodynia in particular, which occurs in several painful human conditions and leads to severe pain from simply touching a cool surface or item, is poorly understood and thus difficult to treat. The aim of this project is to determine the pharmacological mechanism of cold allodynia to develop novel treatment approaches.
High-resolution Brain Imaging Of Basal Ganglia Function
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$589,083.00
Summary
This project will develop new methods for high resolution MRI imaging of the human brain. We will assess functions of deep brain areas known as the basal ganglia that play a critical role in movement planning and co-ordination. Dysfunction within the basal ganglia is responsible for the motor impairments seen in people with Parkinson’s disease. In this project, we will examine changes in basal ganglia function and structure that lead to individual differences in movement control and learning.
Hypothalamic Orexin Neurons And The Medullary Sympathoadrenal Centre: A Key Role In Glucose Homeostasis
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$577,957.00
Summary
Hypoglycaemia or low blood sugar is a major side-effect of the treatment of diabetes. Exposure to hypoglycaemia results in changes in the brain (neuroplasticity) that reduce the awareness of hypoglycaemia, often with serious consequences. Hypoglycaemia triggers the production of several hormones including adrenaline which restore normal blood glucose. This process is incompletely understood. This research project will identify key components of the neurocircuitry that controls blood sugar.
A Combined PET-fMRI Study Of Frontostriatal Dysfunction In First Episode Psychosis
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$872,873.00
Summary
Psychosis is a debilitating psychiatric syndrome affecting a person’s ability to understand reality. This project will map how disruptions of specific brain circuits give rise to psychosis, and how they relate to changes in the level of a specific brain chemical, dopamine, which is targeted by antipsychotic medications. This work has important implications for developing new, more targeted treatments.