Protecting Against Malaria Through Liver-resident Memory T Cells
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$1,196,853.00
Summary
We have shown that formation of liver-resident memory T cells (Trm), a newly discovered type of immune cells, can be induced by an innovative vaccination strategy called prime and trap for highly efficient protection against malaria in mice. Here, we will enhance prime and trap vaccination efficacy by defining the conditions that maximize liver Trm-mediated protection and will characterize simian and human liver Trm cells, paving the way to create the most efficient human malaria vaccine to date
Deciphering How TCR Affinity Regulates CD4 T Cell Help In Immunity And Autoimmunity
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$850,885.00
Summary
Immune responses require the coordinated interaction and cross-talk between two types of white blood cells known as CD4 and CD8 T cells. A dysregulated interaction between these cells could be the cause of autoimmune and persistent infections by pathogens leading to chronic diseases. The aim of this proposal is to provide a deeper understanding of CD4/CD8 T cell interactions to improve immune outcomes in many chronic diseases in which interaction between these two immune cells is critical.
Elucidation Of Immune Mechanisms Underlying HSV Vaccine Development
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$573,993.00
Summary
HSV-1 and -2 causes genital herpes, cold sores, encephalitis, potential fatal neonatal herpes, keratitis and blindness as well as severe disease in transplant patients. HSV infection also enhances the acquisition of HIV by 2-3 fold. Investigating the mechanism of immune response to HSV infection or components of HSV will assist in understanding immune control of HSV, HSV vaccine development, and assist in reducing in HIV spread.
Initial Interactions Of Herpes Simplex Virus With Innate Immune Cells In Human Skin
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$522,589.00
Summary
Herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 cause widespread and occasionally serious diseases including genital herpes, neonatal death and encephalitis. Current vaccine candidates are at best partially effective. This grant will examine the way that the virus enters, initially spreads within the skin and interacts with immune cells to help determine which cells should be stimulated by vaccines.
The Unique Nature Of Gamma Delta T Cell Recognition Resolved Through Interaction With H2-Q10
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$699,031.00
Summary
The liver is important for both digestion and immunity. Given these opposing functions, the liver must exert control points that prevent the immune system from recognising food products. We have now identified a new molecular target that controls the development of immune cells in the liver.
Deciphering Mechanisms Of Liver Allograft Tolerance
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$520,964.00
Summary
The liver has paradoxical properties: it is the site of effective immune responses to pathogens, but under some circumstances, it is known to induce harmless immune responses. Liver transplants are more readily accepted than other organ grafts in the absence of immunosuppressive drugs but little is known about the mechanisms that prevent an effective response. This proposal aims to unravel these mechanisms. This project will have important implications for transplantation studies.
The Role Of Chemokines In Establishing HIV Latency
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$372,049.00
Summary
Although antiviral therapy is effective in controlling HIV, therapy must be continued life-long because the virus cannot be cleared from long lived infected CD4+ T cells that are silently or latently infected. In this proposal we will explore the mechanism of how HIV can enter these resting CD4+ T-cells and establish long lived latent infection. Understanding this process may potentially lead to new strategies to cure HIV infection.
Key indicators of development in adolescent writing. The project aims to identify significant indicators of development in the writing of adolescents at various stages of secondary education. There are a number of students who struggle with the demands of secondary schooling because they have not developed control over the more abstract, technical, and metaphorical language required in written assignments and examinations. This study will map the development of those linguistic resources critica ....Key indicators of development in adolescent writing. The project aims to identify significant indicators of development in the writing of adolescents at various stages of secondary education. There are a number of students who struggle with the demands of secondary schooling because they have not developed control over the more abstract, technical, and metaphorical language required in written assignments and examinations. This study will map the development of those linguistic resources critical to success in secondary learning, drawing on and extending Halliday's functional theory of language. An understanding of typical patterns of development will enable teachers to productively intervene in those cases where students' academic progress is impeded.
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The Biology Of Events Following Reactivation Of Herpes Simplex Virus.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$388,522.00
Summary
Herpes simplex virus causes genital herpes, severe disease in neonates, cold sores and occasionally fatal encephalitis. It lies doemant within nerve cells near the spine and reactivates intermittently, travelling down nerves to cause the characteristic ulcers in the skin, including the genitals. This grant has two major components. In the first we aim to continue studies which are defining the way in which Herpes simplex viruses assemble within nerve cells. These processes have always been the s ....Herpes simplex virus causes genital herpes, severe disease in neonates, cold sores and occasionally fatal encephalitis. It lies doemant within nerve cells near the spine and reactivates intermittently, travelling down nerves to cause the characteristic ulcers in the skin, including the genitals. This grant has two major components. In the first we aim to continue studies which are defining the way in which Herpes simplex viruses assemble within nerve cells. These processes have always been the subject of much debate and have never been properly studied in the nerve cells in which the virus lives. Furthermore the way in which herpes simplex virus enters the processes of nerve cells and moves to the cell body will be studied by similar techniques. Such studies may contribute to the development of herpes simplex virus as a vector for gene therapy for treatment of diseases of the nervous system. The second part of the grant will examine the immune processes that occur in the skin during the early stages of a recurrent herpes simplex lesion. In particular there is a linkage between nerves and the major cells in the skin which present viral antigen to defensive T-cells. This link may provide a route for direct access of herpes simplex virus to these cells. In previous work the viral protein targets in infected skin cells for killer T-cells which infiltrate the skin have been defined. In this grant we also aim to find the stretches of amino acids which are specifically targetted by these cells.Read moreRead less
Special Research Initiatives - Grant ID: SR140100001
Funder
Australian Research Council
Funding Amount
$35,000,000.00
Summary
The Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Australian Type 1 Diabetes Research Network and Program. This Proposal continues the development of the initial Type 1 Diabetes Clinical Research Network (CRN), launched by JDRF in June 2011 with a $5m grant from the Australian Government.
The principal goal of the CRN is to positively impact the life of people with T1D in Australia through the support and promotion of clinical research. A further electoral commitment of $35m over 5 years will enable f ....The Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Australian Type 1 Diabetes Research Network and Program. This Proposal continues the development of the initial Type 1 Diabetes Clinical Research Network (CRN), launched by JDRF in June 2011 with a $5m grant from the Australian Government.
The principal goal of the CRN is to positively impact the life of people with T1D in Australia through the support and promotion of clinical research. A further electoral commitment of $35m over 5 years will enable further progress towards finding a cure for T1D, including delivering better and faster access to new therapies and treatments that can help prevent and manage the disease.
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