Investigating T Cell Tolerance And Organ-specific Auotimmunity Using Autoantigen Deficient Mice
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$441,000.00
Summary
The immune system normally protects against invasion by pathogens such as harmful viruses and bacteria. In autoimmune diseases the same mechanisms that are used to protect us are erroneously targeted to our own tissues. Our studies will employ technologies to genetically manipulate mice to further our knowledge of this class of disease and to uncover the normal mechanisms that allow the immune system to prevent autoimmune attack. In particular we will gain information on the way that a new class ....The immune system normally protects against invasion by pathogens such as harmful viruses and bacteria. In autoimmune diseases the same mechanisms that are used to protect us are erroneously targeted to our own tissues. Our studies will employ technologies to genetically manipulate mice to further our knowledge of this class of disease and to uncover the normal mechanisms that allow the immune system to prevent autoimmune attack. In particular we will gain information on the way that a new class of lymphocytes, known as regulatory lymphocytes, are able to protect against autoimmune disease. Such regulatory lymphocytes have been identified in humans and are attractive therapeutic agents to prevent a variety of immune-mediated diseases, including autoimmune diseases, allergy and transplantation rejection.Read moreRead less
Organ-specific Autoimmunity: The Role Of The Thymus And Periphery In Shaping The Gastric-specific T Cell Repertoire
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$579,763.00
Summary
The immune system normally protects against invasion by pathogens such as harmful viruses and bacteria. In autoimmune diseases the same mechanisms that are used to protect us are erroneously targeted to our own tissues. White blood cells, called T lymphocytes are responsible for attacking our own tissues in autoimmune diseases. Our studies will employ a range of molecular, genetic and imaging technologies to track the rare and potential harmful white blood cells. Our studies should reveal the me ....The immune system normally protects against invasion by pathogens such as harmful viruses and bacteria. In autoimmune diseases the same mechanisms that are used to protect us are erroneously targeted to our own tissues. White blood cells, called T lymphocytes are responsible for attacking our own tissues in autoimmune diseases. Our studies will employ a range of molecular, genetic and imaging technologies to track the rare and potential harmful white blood cells. Our studies should reveal the mechanisms by which these self destructive T lymphocytes are silenced in healthy individuals on the one hand, and on the other hand escape to cause destruction in individuals with autoimmune diseases. This fundamental information will allow the development of therapeutic strategies to selectively turn-off these destructive T lymphoctyes in individuals with autoimmune disease and thereby remove the damaging immune response and cure the disease.Read moreRead less
Cellular And Molecular Events During Antigen Dependent B Cell Differentiation
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$283,329.00
Summary
The immune system is essential for protecting us against invasion from without by viruses and bacteria and invasion from within by cancer cells. Among the white blood cells making up this system are those responsible for producing antibodies. To ensure that all possible infections and tumours can be recognised, the body needs to manufacture a very large number of these cells on a continuous basis. The aim of this project is to work out the mechanism responsible for controlling their production a ....The immune system is essential for protecting us against invasion from without by viruses and bacteria and invasion from within by cancer cells. Among the white blood cells making up this system are those responsible for producing antibodies. To ensure that all possible infections and tumours can be recognised, the body needs to manufacture a very large number of these cells on a continuous basis. The aim of this project is to work out the mechanism responsible for controlling their production and function using a novel experimental system. By pinpointing the different stages involved in antibody production in the normal host we should be in a better position to make longer lasting vaccines in the future and to understand what goes wrong with these white cells in disease. In particular, the results should shed light on the chronic form of leukaemia called myeloma and some of the autoimmune disorders like the rheumatic diseases which occur when the antibodies being produced attack our own tissues.Read moreRead less
Genetic And Biochemical Mechanisms Dysregulating CD4 T Cell Tolerance In Organ-specific Autoimmunity
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$456,000.00
Summary
This project will analyse mechanisms that regulate CD4 T cells and normally prevent the immune system from attacking parts of our own body. Unknown errors in the control of T cells result in autoimmune diseases such as Type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and thyroid disease, where T cells damage or destroy vital organs. In order to develop rational, specific methods for treating and preventing these diseases, it is necessary to identify and understand the genetic and biochemical mechanisms that ....This project will analyse mechanisms that regulate CD4 T cells and normally prevent the immune system from attacking parts of our own body. Unknown errors in the control of T cells result in autoimmune diseases such as Type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and thyroid disease, where T cells damage or destroy vital organs. In order to develop rational, specific methods for treating and preventing these diseases, it is necessary to identify and understand the genetic and biochemical mechanisms that normally control T cell cell responses to self components, and how inherited defects lead these mechanisms to break down. The project focuses on defining how CD4 T cell regulation breaks down in two well established examples of inherited susceptibility to autoimmune disease. The direct action of autoimmune susceptibility genes will be determined at the level of the specific T cells responsible for autoimmune attack and in terms of the biochemical pathways within T cells that are dysregulated. By identifying the mechanisms and biochemical pathways that are dysregulated in autoimmune disorders, the results of this project will reveal targets for understanding and diagnosing autoimmune diseases and for developing new drugs or or vaccines to prevent T cells damaging vital organs and cure these diseases.Read moreRead less
The Impact Of Obesity On Immunological Tolerance Of The Fetus
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$378,366.00
Summary
Obesity increases the risk of miscarriage during pregnancy. The reasons for this are not known, although it is thought that abnormal levels of hormones and metabolic parameters are a contributing factor. We hypothesise that the immune system plays a role. In this project we will determine if obesity upsets the fine-tuning of the immune system that is crucial for successful pregnancy. Understanding the reason behind adverse pregnancy outcome will allow appropriate management of maternal obesity.
The Molecular Determinants Of Immunological Tolerance
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$473,477.00
Summary
Autoimmune diseases, such as type I diabetes and multiple sclerosis, are debilitating disorders that impose a massive toll on wellbeing in Australia and worldwide. This fellowship will support research aimed at determining the genes and mechanisms that control autoimmunity. New technologies will be brought to bear to track immune cells throughout their development, maturity and malfunction in disease settings. We aim to uncover new therapeutic targets to prevent and reverse autoimmune disease.
Defining The Immunoregulatory Function Of Roqin: A Novel Gene Essential For Preventing Autoimmunity
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$721,250.00
Summary
Lupus is a systemic autoimmune disease that carries significant morbidity and mortality. Virtually any organ can be affected, including kidneys, brain and blood. Lupus is the result of a breakdown in normal regulation of the immune system. Although there is clearly a significant genetic contribution to lupus, few causative genes have been found in humans with this disease. Recently, we discovered a novel mutation in a new gene (named roqin), that cases lupus in mice. Based on preliminary investi ....Lupus is a systemic autoimmune disease that carries significant morbidity and mortality. Virtually any organ can be affected, including kidneys, brain and blood. Lupus is the result of a breakdown in normal regulation of the immune system. Although there is clearly a significant genetic contribution to lupus, few causative genes have been found in humans with this disease. Recently, we discovered a novel mutation in a new gene (named roqin), that cases lupus in mice. Based on preliminary investigations and prediction based on the structure of Roqin, we suspect that this gene may be a key immune regulator. Specifically, it is likely to be involved in maintenance of immunological self-tolerance, which normally prevents development of autoimmunity. Mice carrying the Roqin mutation have an abnormality of their T cells, which causes them to be abnormally activated, divide more readily and survive for longer. Hyperactivated T cells induce B cells to proliferate and secrete antibodies against self-tissues that eventually lead to loss of platelets, kidney damage, enlarged spleen and lymph nodes, and early death. We now want to investigate precisely how Roqin causes abnormal T cell activation. The protein sequence of Roqin predicts the existence of two zinc finger domains that are highly conserved across species and play critical functions in regulating cell growth. One of the zinc fingers is a RING domain known to have a ubiquitin-ligase activity, which is known to play a crucial role in negative regulation of lymphocyte signalling, and maintenance of tolerance. The other zinc finger domain is known to be important for destabilizing mRNA of cytokines, thereby influencing communication between lymphocytes. Elucidation of this novel mechanism of disease will help understand the cause of human lupus. It will also provide clues about more specific drug therapies that might be more efficacious, and carry less toxicity than those currently available.Read moreRead less