Expanding The Role For Non-Invasive Ventilation In Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$315,375.00
Summary
Many patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) have disturbed breathing during sleep and poor sleep quality. Our preliminary data shows the problems may be worse during flare ups of the disease, with patients having less dreaming (REM) sleep causing reduced daytime attention and concentration. This could have adverse consequences for exam performance, work ability and driving skills. Also, even with maximum treatment, flare ups can result in permanent loss of lung capacity and quality of life. We propo ....Many patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) have disturbed breathing during sleep and poor sleep quality. Our preliminary data shows the problems may be worse during flare ups of the disease, with patients having less dreaming (REM) sleep causing reduced daytime attention and concentration. This could have adverse consequences for exam performance, work ability and driving skills. Also, even with maximum treatment, flare ups can result in permanent loss of lung capacity and quality of life. We propose a novel approach to treat the flare ups with short-term portable assisted ventilation (nBVS) as well as standard treatment as we strongly believe that the portable ventilator will improve gas exchange with better matching of ventilation and blood flow and will hasten recovery. We believe that long term nBVS will be superior to oxygen therapy alone in delaying the onset of respiratory failure and improving survival. We have convincing evidence to suggest that nBVS improves ventilation perfusion distributions rapidly and that this benefit increases over 6 months of regular use. The likely explanation is that it keeps the airways open and reduces mucus plugging. In short, nBVS is a treatment in its own right for abnormal gas exchange in CF. The ideal time for nBVS is during sleep when it can be used for a long time period when patients are most at risk of falls in oxygen saturation. In summary, we believe that nBVS is likely to have a major impact in delaying the progession of disease and improving patient outcomes. Almost all patients with CF have evidence of sinus disease and many have nasal polyps. We have convincing questionnaire data showing an association between sinusitis, nasal obstruction and poor sleep quality. Our preliminary sleep study data in patients with active sinusitis confirm multiple arousals and sleep fragmentation. We plan to examine the impact of sinus surgery in improving sleep disordered breathing and quality of life in patients with CF.Read moreRead less
Assessment Of Physical Therapies To Improve Secretion Clearance In Patients With Cystic Fibrosis
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$302,310.00
Summary
People with cystic fibrosis (CF) produce thick mucus that is not cleared normally from the lungs. This retained mucus often becomes infected, which progressively damages the lungs. Various physical therapies which may help clear secretions are being used in CF. These include several types of devices which provide positive pressure to the airways. However, it is not known to what extent these devices, or other interventions such as manual chest physiotherapy and exercise, enhance mucus clearance. ....People with cystic fibrosis (CF) produce thick mucus that is not cleared normally from the lungs. This retained mucus often becomes infected, which progressively damages the lungs. Various physical therapies which may help clear secretions are being used in CF. These include several types of devices which provide positive pressure to the airways. However, it is not known to what extent these devices, or other interventions such as manual chest physiotherapy and exercise, enhance mucus clearance. As a result, it is not currently possible to scientifically prescribe intervention(s) to enhance mucus clearance in CF. This is partly because much of the research that has been performed in this area has been poorly-designed or has used inaccurate measures. Also, recent research has shown that these therapies may have significant effects beside their effect on mucus clearance. For instance, bacterial infection and the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood supply and air in the lung may all be affected by these interventions. Notably, the extent of benefit or detriment seen in these parameters does not always correlate with the effect on mucus clearance. We therefore believe a series of experiments is necessary to provide evidence upon which the scientific selection of mucus clearance therapies may be based. We have developed a new technique which allows clearance of mucus from the airways to be objectively measured in three-dimensions (3D). We intend to use the 3D technique to examine the effects of three different positive pressure devices, exercise, and manual chest physiotherapy on mucus clearance. Based on the outcomes of this research, we intend to compare the most appropriate therapy to performing no mucus clearance therapy in a short term trial. This trial will assess changes in the following: bacterial infection, mucus plugging in the airways, how well the lungs move air and exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide, and the patient's quality of life.Read moreRead less
Improving Kidney Transplant Outcomes Using Normothermic Machine Perfusion
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$778,232.00
Summary
Kidneys donated for transplantation are at risk of damage that prevent the organ from working and reduce its lifespan. Normothermic machine perfusion is a device that can circulate oxygenated blood at normal body temperature through a donor kidney prior to transplantation. In doing so it is able to resuscitate the kidney and prevent injury. We will determine how machine perfusion achieves this remarkable effect and investigate new treatments for kidney injury.
A report to review the landscape of evidence institutes, and explore if a new evidence institute in Australia focused specifically on disadvantage would help break cycles of disadvantage.
Valuing Every Contribution: What A Basic Income Would Mean For Australians
Funder
IPSOS
Summary
It surveys Australians to explore how a basic income would affect their lives, how they use their time, and how they engage with the workforce. The survey also sheds light on the growing problem of income and work insecurity, which is alarmingly high.
Poverty And Australian Housing: Findings From An AHURI Investigative Panel
Funder
AHURI
Summary
This Investigative Panel was guided by three principal research questions:
1. What housing, planning, taxation and social security policies significantly affect housing-related poverty?
a. What are the risks and potential benefits of changing policy settings?
b. What lessons can be learnt from international policy and practice?
2. How do Australian housing markets and institutions (e.g. tenure regulations, costs, location, built form, capacity of affordable housing sector) intersect with ind ....This Investigative Panel was guided by three principal research questions:
1. What housing, planning, taxation and social security policies significantly affect housing-related poverty?
a. What are the risks and potential benefits of changing policy settings?
b. What lessons can be learnt from international policy and practice?
2. How do Australian housing markets and institutions (e.g. tenure regulations, costs, location, built form, capacity of affordable housing sector) intersect with individual capabilities (e.g. income support, labour market status, household type, race, gender) to produce and reproduce particular experiences of poverty?
3. What programs and policies are already operating which address the intersections of housing and poverty? What are the opportunities to extend and add to these?
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The Global Hope Report presents the key findings of a national survey of over 1200 Australians’ perceptions of and hopes for the future, conducted by leading research agency NCLS Research. The survey found that war and conflict, the economy, poverty, and climate change are the most pressing global issues for Australians.