Evaluating The Safety Of Computer Decision Support Systems In General Practice
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$300,389.00
Summary
Use of clinical software has many benefits. However it is also likely that clinical software will introduce new computer-generated errors that may harm patients. This project will evaluate the safety of software for prescribing in general practice. We will firstly examine mechanisms for errors generated by clinical software on its own, and then in the hands of typical users. The outcomes will have broad potential to guide the regulation, use and design of clinical software in general practice.
Identification And Function Of Kv7-M-channels In Axons Of Cortical Neurons
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$324,930.00
Summary
Membrane proteins permeable to potassium ions provide an important break during hyperexcitability of nerve cells in the brain. In this proposal I will study the function of a unique member of potassium channel protein (the M-channel) located at key regions of nerve cells; the axon. The results will provide important insights into the elementary steps of nerve cell excitability, and a better understanding of M-channel related diseases including neonatal epilepsies and chronic nerve pain.
Evaluation Of A Novel Electronic Decision Support Tool For Cardiovascular Risk Management - The TORPEDO Study
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$587,175.00
Summary
The TORPEDO study will test a new electronic decision support system that will help health professionals and patients navigate through the complexities of current clinical guidelines for treatments to help prevent heart attack, stroke and related conditions. The study will be conducted in 60 practices over 12 months, and if the system is found to be useful, this may prove to be helpful in the day-to-day management of all Australian adults when visiting their doctor.
Effects Of Current And Plain Cigarette Package Design On Smokers Cigarette Evaluation
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$654,339.00
Summary
This project proposes to better understand the role of cigarette pack design on consumers' judgements that some cigarettes are safer than others. Three experimental studies are proposed, which will evaluate the influence of pack branding and colours, the potential impact of plain packaging, and the effect of larger size health warnings on consumer perceptions of cigarette health risks.
Diagnostics For Mixture Regression Models: Applications To Public Health
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$128,250.00
Summary
In many public health studies, finite mixture regression models are often used to analyse data arising from heterogeneous populations. It is important to assess the stability of parameter estimates and the validity of statistical inferences when the underlying assumptions appear to be violated, but appropriate diagnostics are lacking in the literature. This research aims to develop effective diagnostic methods for assessing the adequacy of mixture regression models and the sensitivity of accompa ....In many public health studies, finite mixture regression models are often used to analyse data arising from heterogeneous populations. It is important to assess the stability of parameter estimates and the validity of statistical inferences when the underlying assumptions appear to be violated, but appropriate diagnostics are lacking in the literature. This research aims to develop effective diagnostic methods for assessing the adequacy of mixture regression models and the sensitivity of accompanying test statistics. The methodology developed will enable health care professionals to focus on substantive issues and to draw accurate and valid conclusions inferred from correlated and over-dispersed outcomes. In the presence of anomalous observations, the influence diagnostics can provide insights into the source of heterogeneity and the apparent over-dispersion, while accommodating the inherent correlation due to the longitudinal study design or nested data structure. Significance of the research lies in its scientific novelty and the breadth of its practical applications. The benefits to public health will accrue both nationally and internationally. For the empirical studies that motivated and are linked to this research, evaluation of health outcomes has significant implications in the prevention and control of recurrent urinary tract infections, hospital strategic planning, and post-stroke care and rehabilitation management. Moreover, appropriate assessment of a physical activity intervention for older adults is pertinent to falls prevention and reduction of musculoskeletal disorders among sedentary seniors.Read moreRead less
Hierarchical Finite Mixture Modelling Of Health Outcomes: A Risk-adjusted Random Effects Approach
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$117,000.00
Summary
In medical and health studies, finite mixture regression models have been used to analyze data arising from heterogeneous populations. Traditionally, the application of mixture models is mainly concerned with finite normal mixtures. Recent computational advances and methodological developments have enhanced the extension of the method to non-normal finite mixtures, such as the modelling of discrete responses in finite mixture of generalized linear models and overlapping phases of failure time da ....In medical and health studies, finite mixture regression models have been used to analyze data arising from heterogeneous populations. Traditionally, the application of mixture models is mainly concerned with finite normal mixtures. Recent computational advances and methodological developments have enhanced the extension of the method to non-normal finite mixtures, such as the modelling of discrete responses in finite mixture of generalized linear models and overlapping phases of failure time data in the context of survival analysis. However, due to the hierarchical study design or the data collection procedure, the inherent correlation structure and-or clustering effects present may contribute to extra variations and violation of the independence assumption, resulting in spurious associations and misleading inferences based on the finite mixture model. This project aims to present a unified approach to accommodate both heterogeneity and dependency of observations, by incorporating random effects into finite mixture regression models. The new methodology will provide an integrated framework to analyze heterogeneous and correlated health outcomes. Three empirical studies are considered, namely, evaluation of an occupational injury reduction intervention, length of hospital stay modeling, and analysis of survival times of patients after cardiac surgery. The long term benefits to bioscience are accurate and valid conclusions inferred from medical and health studies, as well as the correct identification of high-risk subgroups. For the three application areas of this project, the improved analyses will specifically enable the evaluation of a participatory ergonomics intervention, the assessment of hospital efficiency and factors influencing length of hospitalization, and the determination of effectiveness of treatments prescribed pre- and post- operation, respectively.Read moreRead less