The Impact Of Hospital-based Aged Care And Dementia Services On Outcomes For People With Dementia Admitted To Hospital-a
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$1,308,580.00
Summary
This research explores how hospital based aged care and dementia services influence outcomes for people with dementia who are admitted to hospital. Using detailed data for NSW public hospitals, it will provide information about the kinds of hospital based aged care and dementia services available to assist people with dementia, and how the level and mix of these services is associated with different patient outcomes, including lower rates of admission to hospital. There is considerable evidence ....This research explores how hospital based aged care and dementia services influence outcomes for people with dementia who are admitted to hospital. Using detailed data for NSW public hospitals, it will provide information about the kinds of hospital based aged care and dementia services available to assist people with dementia, and how the level and mix of these services is associated with different patient outcomes, including lower rates of admission to hospital. There is considerable evidence that there are many hazards for people with dementia when they are hospitalized. The project will result in recommendations about the types of services and their features which produce better outcomes for people with dementia. Every stage of the research will be guided and informed by an Expert Panel comprising representatives of dementia service consumers, aged care providers, health service planning staff and key researchers. The Panel will provide contextual information about the service environment and how it affects people with dementia. Details of the patient's complete hospital stay can be investigated by linking existing administrative datasets. Data about hospital services will be gathered through a census of NSW hospitals, supplemented with in-depth interviews with key stakeholders and small group expert discussions with experts in each Area Health Service. The research team will also visit selected hospital sites. Multilevel modelling techniques will test for statistical associations between hospital based dementia services and care outcomes including admission rates to hospital, total length of hospital stay, mortality, admission rates to hospital, and the level of patient dependency on entry to residential aged care. The model will include the influence of regional variations in the provision of community aged care packages and residential aged care and the availability of informal care. The project will include a focus on the outcomes for people with co-morbidities and for people from different culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds.Read moreRead less
Development Of National Protocols For The Detection Of Influenza A H5N1
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$248,229.00
Summary
This project will develop a best practice approach to the diagnosis of influenza A H5N1 (Bird Flu) in Australian public health laboratories. Tests such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) are in use globally for influenza A H5N1 detection. Some proprietary rapid influenza A tests also claim to detect influenza A H5N1. However there is little information on systematic evaluation of these, largely because there have been relatively few human influenza A H5N1 cases and patie ....This project will develop a best practice approach to the diagnosis of influenza A H5N1 (Bird Flu) in Australian public health laboratories. Tests such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) are in use globally for influenza A H5N1 detection. Some proprietary rapid influenza A tests also claim to detect influenza A H5N1. However there is little information on systematic evaluation of these, largely because there have been relatively few human influenza A H5N1 cases and patient specimens. Australian laboratories need authoritative guidelines as to optimal influenza tests, target genes and reagents. Development of a simple, potentially automated type specific test for influenza A H5N1 antibody such as enzyme immunoassay (EIA) is also desirable, as widely used tests cannot distinguish between infection with H5 or other influenza types. Reference methods such as haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) are cumbersome. In this project mock specimens for virus and antibody detection will be created using viral cell culture and infected chicken derived influenza A H5N1. This will be undertaken in physical containment level 4 (PC4) facilities in Australia's designated human and animal PC4 laboratories. This material will be used for (i) specimen panels to compare the performance of candidate laboratory tests (ii) positive control material in all tests undertaken and (iii) quality assurance exercises to ensure high standards of testing. Using these panels the group will assess influenza H5N1 RT-PCR, tests for detection of influenza proteins including immunofluorescence, and rapid point of care influenza A detection tests available in Australia. An EIA method currently used to detect influenza antibodies from different animal species will be refined to develop a simple test for type specific detection influenza A H5N1 antibodies, and subsequently evaluated using animal sera. A standard method for HAI reference serology for use in public health laboratories will also be recommended, and the best approaches to high throughput automated RT-PCR, and performing RT-PCR in the field on portable instrumentation will be explored. Recommendations for standard protocols for influenza A H5N1 will be developed and will submitted for review and endorsement by Commonwealth ministerial advisory committees.Read moreRead less
Research & Training To Reduce Morbidity & Mortality From Malaria In Papua ( Indonesia)& Papua New Guinea
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$1,649,828.00
Summary
Malaria kills many thousands of people each year in Indonesia and PNG. This project will look at better ways to treat and prevent malaria. The team will examine whether using new combinations of drugs in clinics can reduce the amount of severe malaria seen in Papua. The team will examine whether giving people with severe malaria arginine, a naturally occurring amino acid, can increase molecules that may protect against severe malaria. Finally it will examine how lung damage occurs in people with ....Malaria kills many thousands of people each year in Indonesia and PNG. This project will look at better ways to treat and prevent malaria. The team will examine whether using new combinations of drugs in clinics can reduce the amount of severe malaria seen in Papua. The team will examine whether giving people with severe malaria arginine, a naturally occurring amino acid, can increase molecules that may protect against severe malaria. Finally it will examine how lung damage occurs in people with severe malaria and whether this can be predicted.Read moreRead less