Fetal Sex: An Important Determinant Of The Placental Transcriptome
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$553,574.00
Summary
There are fetal sex differences in pregnancy outcomes that place boys at greater risk than girls. These are likely caused by genetic differences in the placenta. We will use 21st century gene sequencing technology to obtain the complete sequence of placental genes in early pregnancy and normal term placenta to determine what the genetic differences are between male and female placentas. This may be important in developing future sex specific therapeutics for babies in the neonatal nursery.
Obesity ensues when calorie intake exceeds energy expended. Hitherto, up-regulating energy expenditure is a relatively unexplored avenue. This project will address 3 facets of energy expenditure (fat, muscle and neural control). Understanding how sex and steroids act in concert to regulate energy expenditure will pave the way towards developing novel anti-obesity agents. This work will delineate mechanisms that underpin gender differences in the regulation of body weight.
Novel DNA Modifications Underlying Sex Differences In Fear-related Learning And Memory
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$531,978.00
Summary
Women are at increased risk of developing fear-related anxiety disorders. We have recently discovered that there sex-specific regulatory mechanisms in the brain that are associated with differences in the control of fear. In this proposal, we will determine whether novel DNA modifications in the female brain are responsible for establishing sex differences in brain states that make the brain more or less responsive to fear-related learning.
Sex Disparities In Management Of Myocardial Infarction
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$624,203.00
Summary
We propose using linked routine Big Data from the NSW health system to investigate sex differences in medications prescribed following a first MI, including deviances from guideline recommendations. We will also quantify differences between women and men in subsequent adverse outcomes, such as recurrent MI, according to treatment prescribed, and will study variations in sex dif
Limbic Maturational Changes In Adolescence And Young Adulthood (LIMCA) - A Longitudinal Study
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$418,897.00
Summary
Structural and cognitive changes of the limbic regions have been linked to number psychiatric disorders. A thorough understanding of the dynamics of healthy maturation of these brain areas with age is necessary. The main aim of this research is to longitudinally study and model the neuro-developmental changes of the limbic region during adolescence and young adulthood. These will provide an invaluable template in identifying deviant patterns of limbic development in children with neuropsychiatri ....Structural and cognitive changes of the limbic regions have been linked to number psychiatric disorders. A thorough understanding of the dynamics of healthy maturation of these brain areas with age is necessary. The main aim of this research is to longitudinally study and model the neuro-developmental changes of the limbic region during adolescence and young adulthood. These will provide an invaluable template in identifying deviant patterns of limbic development in children with neuropsychiatric disorders.Read moreRead less
Low Dose Aspirin And Age-related Macular Degeneration: Randomised Controlled Trial
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$1,043,189.00
Summary
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of visual impairment in advanced countries, responsible for nearly half of all legal blindness in Australia. Due to increased life expectancy, the number of people with this progressive late onset disease will double by 2025. Aspirin could prevent or delay the onset of AMD in older persons but its bleeding risk also needs to be considered. This project will determine whether treatment with low dose aspirin reduces incidence or progression o ....Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of visual impairment in advanced countries, responsible for nearly half of all legal blindness in Australia. Due to increased life expectancy, the number of people with this progressive late onset disease will double by 2025. Aspirin could prevent or delay the onset of AMD in older persons but its bleeding risk also needs to be considered. This project will determine whether treatment with low dose aspirin reduces incidence or progression of AMD.Read moreRead less
The Role Of Reduced Phagocytosis In The Pathogenesis Of Age-related Macular Degeneration
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$786,742.00
Summary
Understanding the underlying mechanisms which lead to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is critical if we are to ultimately develop novel treatments. We hypothesise that there is a defective ability to remove debris that accumulates in the retina as we age and this is a crucial step in the development of AMD. We will investigate this hypothesis in an AMD cohort and in a pre-clinical model where we will test the efficacy of an intervention that improves the ability to clear debris.
SRY: A Risk Factor For Parkinson’s Disease In Men?
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$514,015.00
Summary
Parkinson’s disease is a debilitating neurological disorder that affects over 70,000 Australians. This project will test the novel concept that the male sex-determination gene SRY is a risk factor for Parkinson’s disease in men. A potential implication of the work is that it will help explain why men are more susceptible to Parkinson’s disease than women, and may also provide avenues for the development of novel therapeutics for this condition.
Stimulation Of Neurogenesis By Growth Hormone To Improve Cognition In An Aged Animal Model Of Dementia
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$550,828.00
Summary
Production of new neurons in the hippocampus of adult animals plays a role in regulating learning and memory, and this production slows continuously with increasing age. Here we explore ways to activate dormant populations of neurogenic precursor cells in the hippocampus to produce new neurons. Since the precursor cells are still present in the hippocampus of an aged animal these studies will provide unequivocal evidence for their importance in reversing age-related cognitive decline and dementi ....Production of new neurons in the hippocampus of adult animals plays a role in regulating learning and memory, and this production slows continuously with increasing age. Here we explore ways to activate dormant populations of neurogenic precursor cells in the hippocampus to produce new neurons. Since the precursor cells are still present in the hippocampus of an aged animal these studies will provide unequivocal evidence for their importance in reversing age-related cognitive decline and dementia.Read moreRead less
Genetic Analysis Of The Relationship Between Parental Age And Risk Of Psychiatric Disorders
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$301,012.00
Summary
Age-related de novo mutations are widely assumed to explain the association between advanced paternal age and risk of psychiatric illness, but this mechanism cannot explain the known risk to offspring of teenaged parents. We will investigate an alternative hypothesis for risk to children due to parental age, which is that elevated liability to mental illness, arising from shared genetic factors between parents and offspring, leads to delayed, or conversely teenage, parenthood.