Chromosomes are structures that carry genes in all our cells. Every human cell has 46 chromosomes. In the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, DNA is highly folded and compacted with specific proteins into a dynamic polymer called chromatin. Gene expression, chromosome division, DNA replication, and repair all act, not on DNA alone, but on this chromatin template. The discovery that enzymes can (re)organise chromatin into accessible and inaccessible configurations revealed mechanisms that considerably e ....Chromosomes are structures that carry genes in all our cells. Every human cell has 46 chromosomes. In the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, DNA is highly folded and compacted with specific proteins into a dynamic polymer called chromatin. Gene expression, chromosome division, DNA replication, and repair all act, not on DNA alone, but on this chromatin template. The discovery that enzymes can (re)organise chromatin into accessible and inaccessible configurations revealed mechanisms that considerably extend the information potential of the genetic code. In addition, it is now established that chromatin structural features can influence gene expression. In vitro studies support a model in which chromatin functions as a barrier for the access to DNA. Therefore this organization has to be tighly regulated and dynamic to allow the protein-DNA interactions critical for nuclear functions. Importantly genome organisation provides in addition to genetic information another layer of information, so called epigenetic, which by definition means that it is stably inherited throughout cellular divisions, yet it is not encoded genetically. Thus each cell type will display a specific epigenome. We have recently constructed small human minichromosomes, which are much easier to study than the much larger normal chromosomes. The present project proposes to define the epigenetic feature across an entire human chromosome using our minichhromosomes as working models. The outcome will be a significant gain in our knowledge on the processes underlying epigenetic regulation, the organisation of specialised chromatin domain, and behaviour of the chromosomes.Read moreRead less
Significance Of Low-level Mosaicism To Intellectual Disability In Paediatric Disorders
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$483,402.00
Summary
My vision for the next 4 years is to improve outcomes for children and their families with inherited disorders associated with intellectual disability (ID) and autism through earlier diagnosis and intervention. This is of great importance with annual costs of ID close $14.72 billion to the Australian health system, and missed or delayed diagnoses being a significant problem, as ID is found in 1.7% of births, where a specific cause is currently identified in less than half.
Discovery Early Career Researcher Award - Grant ID: DE230100761
Funder
Australian Research Council
Funding Amount
$430,504.00
Summary
Identifying biases in news using models of narrative framing. This project aims to develop tools to detect biased narratives and one-sided framing in news stories using novel natural language processing methods to understand the text more deeply. Unlike existing methods, which overly rely on surface word co-occurrences patterns, the novel methods will be able to capture narratives in a more holistic and intuitive manner. Expected outcomes include new modeling techniques grounded in theory and a ....Identifying biases in news using models of narrative framing. This project aims to develop tools to detect biased narratives and one-sided framing in news stories using novel natural language processing methods to understand the text more deeply. Unlike existing methods, which overly rely on surface word co-occurrences patterns, the novel methods will be able to capture narratives in a more holistic and intuitive manner. Expected outcomes include new modeling techniques grounded in theory and a tool to highlight biases with recommendations for diverse sets of news articles. By raising awareness to biased news reporting, the project will benefit Australians through more balanced public discourse on global challenges, such as climate change and health pandemics.Read moreRead less
Developing Minimum Message Length and Support Vector Machine methods to predict user behaviour. Predicting and modelling customer behaviour enables considerable savings in the telecommunications industry and elsewhere. The resulting predictive models facilitate identifying novice users, identifying fraud, responding to users' needs, guiding and advising users, and forwarding useful information.
We consider two cutting-edge data mining approaches, Minimum Message Length (developed and led by ....Developing Minimum Message Length and Support Vector Machine methods to predict user behaviour. Predicting and modelling customer behaviour enables considerable savings in the telecommunications industry and elsewhere. The resulting predictive models facilitate identifying novice users, identifying fraud, responding to users' needs, guiding and advising users, and forwarding useful information.
We consider two cutting-edge data mining approaches, Minimum Message Length (developed and led by Monash) and Support Vector Machines, in order to create efficient tailor-made software.
Our software will respond to specific groups of users, and their changes over time, rather than just the average user. Moreover, it will integrate the functionalities of existing individual data mining software.Read moreRead less
Resource-bounded adaptive inference of accurate conditional probability estimates from data. This project will develop machine learning techniques with a valuable new capability: the ability to produce estimates of complex conditional probabilities to varying levels of expected accuracy depending upon the constraints of available computational resources. This will provide significant competitive advantage to developers of many types of online application by allowing them to maximise utilisation ....Resource-bounded adaptive inference of accurate conditional probability estimates from data. This project will develop machine learning techniques with a valuable new capability: the ability to produce estimates of complex conditional probabilities to varying levels of expected accuracy depending upon the constraints of available computational resources. This will provide significant competitive advantage to developers of many types of online application by allowing them to maximise utilisation of available computational resources when making inferences from data, together with the flexibility to trade-off accuracy and computing resources during system design. Australia will also benefit by strengthening its machine learning expertise, which is central to many complex and intelligent systems and the booming data mining industry.Read moreRead less
Supporting adaptive, interactive documents. The project will improve comprehensibility of technical material, reduce paper usage, encourage collaborative science, improve the reliability of published science (by allowing post-publication annotation and correction), and improve the accessibility of technical material for readers who are blind or have poor vision. The project also holds considerable potential for supporting Australian companies in the publishing and document processing industries.
Multi-Ontologies meet UML: Improving the Software Engineering of Multi-Agent Systems. Multi-agent systems are a new style of software well suited for open, dynamic, distributed, global, heterogeneous environments such as the Internet. Systematic methods are needed to allow multi-agent systems to reason effectively with high level knowledge. This research draws on software engineering practice to develop a theory and methodology for multi-ontologies for expressing knowledge within multi-agent sys ....Multi-Ontologies meet UML: Improving the Software Engineering of Multi-Agent Systems. Multi-agent systems are a new style of software well suited for open, dynamic, distributed, global, heterogeneous environments such as the Internet. Systematic methods are needed to allow multi-agent systems to reason effectively with high level knowledge. This research draws on software engineering practice to develop a theory and methodology for multi-ontologies for expressing knowledge within multi-agent systems that facilitate adaptation and change.
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Intelligent Structured Knowledge Source Integration via Software Agents. This project aims to use flexible information agents to integrate the World Wide Web with a machine readable ontology, namely a large, consistent collection of common sense knowledge. The best developed ontology in the world is Cyc. Cyc's repository of general purpose knowledge is rich and stable, but has a major limitation in requiring its knowledge to be hand-entered by experts. The outcomes of the project will be increas ....Intelligent Structured Knowledge Source Integration via Software Agents. This project aims to use flexible information agents to integrate the World Wide Web with a machine readable ontology, namely a large, consistent collection of common sense knowledge. The best developed ontology in the world is Cyc. Cyc's repository of general purpose knowledge is rich and stable, but has a major limitation in requiring its knowledge to be hand-entered by experts. The outcomes of the project will be increased functionality for ontologies, to enable expert reasoning programs wishing to use a formal ontology such as Cyc to have access to the wealth of knowledge on the World Wide Web.Read moreRead less
Methods and software for efficiently solving the transportation crewing problem. This project will target major savings in airlines, trucking, rail and public transport, with resulting benefits for industrial logistics, travel and tourism. The results discovered within the project will enable the industrial partner, CTI, to develop solutions for major companies worldwide. The results can also be transferred to other industrial optimisation applications, such as mining, services and manufacturin ....Methods and software for efficiently solving the transportation crewing problem. This project will target major savings in airlines, trucking, rail and public transport, with resulting benefits for industrial logistics, travel and tourism. The results discovered within the project will enable the industrial partner, CTI, to develop solutions for major companies worldwide. The results can also be transferred to other industrial optimisation applications, such as mining, services and manufacturing.
Finally the project will build on Australia's international prominence in data analysis and combinatorial optimisation, and capitalise on a major opportunity for the Australian software industry.Read moreRead less