Unravelling The Mechanism Coupling Synaptic Activity With Neurotrophin Signaling In The Nervous System
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$640,815.00
Summary
Although active brain cells are known to survive for much longer than inactive ones, the mechanism underpinning this essential process has remained elusive. We have uncovered a direct coupling between neuronal activity and survival signals. The purpose of this grant application is to establish the molecular mechanism underpinning this coupling and understand how neuropathic pathogens manage to harness it with devastating effects to the brain.
Glaucoma is a progressive, poorly understood blinding disease with limited treatment options. It is characterised by the death of the nerve cells in the eye whose fibres form the optic nerve. Results obtained in the current proposal will lead to a better understanding of key features of the early stages of the disease and, additionally, will explore the potential of a novel therapeutic approach based on regeneration of damaged nerve fibres within the optic nerve.
Axonal Fusion To Promote Nerve Repair: Molecules And Mechanisms.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$456,189.00
Summary
Nerve injuries are in most cases untreatable, leaving patients with high level of disabilities for the rest of their life. Understanding the molecular mechanism regulating nerve regeneration is critical to develop new drugs and design innovative therapies. We discovered molecules that mediates axonal repair by favouring the stitching together of the two separated fragments of an axon. We aim to study how they functions to possibly exploit a similar mechanism of repair for human injuries.
Neurons are highly compartmentalized cell-types. In neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, the protein Tau that serves a distinct function in one cellular compartment (the axon) accumulates in a massively phosphorylated form elsewhere (somatodendritic compartments and their spines) which is believed to impair neuronal functions. We will investigate how Tau is distributed in health and disease, and determine how this distribution is regulated.
Understanding Changes In Retinal Ganglion Cells Using A Glaucoma Model
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$88,193.00
Summary
Glaucoma is a pressure related eye disease that is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. The mechanisms by which glaucoma causes vision loss are poorly understood. At the Centre for Eye Research Australia, we aim to investigate changes within retinal ganglion cells – the neurons which carry light signal from the eye to the brain – using a glaucoma model. We hope to improve understanding of the disease process and highlight new therapeutic options for glaucoma.
Understanding The Role Of TDP-43 In Motor Neuron Disease.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$654,091.00
Summary
Motor neuron disease (MND) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with no cure. The cause of MND is poorly understood but new research has shown that defects in TDP-43, an RNA binding protein involved in gene regulation, can lead to the disease. This project is aimed at discovering the molecular mechanisms of TDP-43 function, which will improve the understanding of the disease and aid in the development of new therapies.
Role Of Huntingtin Associate Protein 1 In The Axonal Transport Of BDNF
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$519,715.00
Summary
BDNF, a nerve grwoth factor, plays a role in the development of the brain. BDNF is important for learning and memory. BDNF is involved in many human diseases such as Huntington's disease, mood disorders, cancer and obesity. BDNF is the protein that require its trafficking in nerves for normal functions. However, how BDNF is transported in nerve cells is not known. This project examines the mechanisms underlyying its transport in nerves.
Axonal Regeneration And Degeneration: Cellular And Molecular Mechanisms
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$2,088,220.00
Summary
The ability to surgically repair an injured axon and restore neuronal function is still a significant challenge in neurosurgery. However, a spontaneous repair mechanism, axonal fusion, by which the two separated ends of a transected axon are fused back together, has been observed in invertebrates. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of this biological event will allow us to determine its potential as a novel therapeutic approach to repair injured and damaged neurons.