Intervention Strategies For The Prevention Of Early Childhood Caries
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$125,000.00
Summary
Rampant dental decay in young children remains an important challenge for preventive dentistry. Although it is a preventable disease, the prevalence is high in many disadvantaged communities. The study will examine a few intervention programs to determine their effectiveness in preventing early childhood decay. These include brushing the teeth with a safe, dental antibacterial gel compared to traditional oral hygiene methods. Brushing with antibacterial gels at crucial times during the establish ....Rampant dental decay in young children remains an important challenge for preventive dentistry. Although it is a preventable disease, the prevalence is high in many disadvantaged communities. The study will examine a few intervention programs to determine their effectiveness in preventing early childhood decay. These include brushing the teeth with a safe, dental antibacterial gel compared to traditional oral hygiene methods. Brushing with antibacterial gels at crucial times during the establishment of the oral flora is likely to prevent decay-causing bacteria from colonising a child’s mouth, so that the risk of dental decay is reduced, not only during childhood, but possibly extending to adulthood as well.Read moreRead less
Improving Identification And Treatment Of Early-onset Behaviour Disorders In Children
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$498,869.00
Summary
Most mental health problems begin in childhood and adolescence. Of these, oppositional-defiant and conduct problems in childhood are the most common precursor of all types of adult mental health problems. These children are the most common referral to child mental health clinics but little is known about which of these children will go in which direction i.e., good health, chronic antisocial behaviour, depression and anxiety, substance abuse, the psychoses. Progress in more accurately defining s ....Most mental health problems begin in childhood and adolescence. Of these, oppositional-defiant and conduct problems in childhood are the most common precursor of all types of adult mental health problems. These children are the most common referral to child mental health clinics but little is known about which of these children will go in which direction i.e., good health, chronic antisocial behaviour, depression and anxiety, substance abuse, the psychoses. Progress in more accurately defining subgroups of these children would have huge implications for early intervention for mental health problems in our community. This project proposes the first large scale analysis of genetic distributions through to behavioural and treatment factors that characterise and differentiate a large representative sample of children with conduct problems. The project will test a model of child psychopathology that links genotype, via environmental risk and emotion processing problems, to an improved diagnostic-phenotypic model for treatment of the major childhood disorder. Clinical research activities will be structured into three intersecting arms: first, identifying the genetic and behavioural subtypes of early-onset conduct problems; second, innovative treatments for these children, and third, the dissemination of findings to these children and their families via the health care system. The research will build new collaborations between established and internationally recognised clinical research teams in childhood mental health, biological psychiatry, genetics and the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Statewide Network (CAMHSNET). CAMHSNET have specific responsibilities to NSW Health for expert advice and input on the development of child mental health services directions, dissemination, training, and effectiveness research.Read moreRead less
Provision Of Secondary Cardiac Preventive Australian General Practice
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$499,513.00
Summary
This study will provide a comprehensive description of secondary preventative activities for patients with ischaemic heart disease, with the aim of determining those factors that can most contribute to reducing the increased risk of further events which they experience, and thereby reducing the burden of this disease.
A National Resource For Mouse Models Of Mesothelioma
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$483,643.00
Summary
Mouse models of mesothelioma have led to a greater understanding of the disease and the identification of potential drug therapies some of these have now been translated into clinical trials. In the existing models, mesothelioma cells that have been grown in the laboratory are transplanted into animals by injecting the cells under the skin. Different cell lines with different properties are used in different experimental protocols. This application will fund the establishment of a central resour ....Mouse models of mesothelioma have led to a greater understanding of the disease and the identification of potential drug therapies some of these have now been translated into clinical trials. In the existing models, mesothelioma cells that have been grown in the laboratory are transplanted into animals by injecting the cells under the skin. Different cell lines with different properties are used in different experimental protocols. This application will fund the establishment of a central resource to maintain and distribute these cell lines. In addition, we describe a new transgenic mouse model in which mesotheliomas are rapidly induced in the peritoneal cavity after exposure to asbestos, recreating the natural tumour development much more accurately. These mice have been engineered to express the cancer causing protein of a monkey virus (SV40 large T antigen) in their mesothelial cells because it has been suggested that the virus has a role in the development of mesothelioma. This application also seeks funding to use the MexTAg mice to test the usefulness of different therapies for the prevention or treatment of mesothelioma. These animals give us the ability to investigate the disease in a more realistic environment than previous models. In parallel collaborative studies with other groups investigating different aspects of the biology of this cancer, we plan to analyze the earliest changes in the development of the disease and search for early markers using proteomics and gene expression studies. We anticipate that this model will generate information more directly relevant to understanding the human disease and will provide essential experimental data for clinical trials.Read moreRead less
The Impact Of Declining Dental Needs Of Age Cohorts On The Cost-effectiveness Of Water Fluoridation & Supplementary Prev
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$85,600.00
Summary
This research will apply economic modelling, based on current trend-data by birth cohort on the effectiveness of water fluoridation to the evaluation of its continuing application to metropolitan water supplies. Wherever possible data from Victoria, and Australia as a whole, will be used in the modelling. It will explore the implications for policy-making in relation to maintenance of benefits gained and potential future application to non-fluoridated rural water supplies in Victoria. A key focu ....This research will apply economic modelling, based on current trend-data by birth cohort on the effectiveness of water fluoridation to the evaluation of its continuing application to metropolitan water supplies. Wherever possible data from Victoria, and Australia as a whole, will be used in the modelling. It will explore the implications for policy-making in relation to maintenance of benefits gained and potential future application to non-fluoridated rural water supplies in Victoria. A key focus is to identify and analyse data relating to the point at which there is a ‘plateauing-out’ of the benefits accruing from water fluoridation in middle and older age. The evaluation will also consider the policy implications of trends towards retention of more teeth into older age and the consequent increased exposure to both caries and periodontal disease.Read moreRead less
Identification And Quantification Of Risk Of Falls In Cognitively Impaired Older Adults
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$530,741.00
Summary
This study represents the first systematic approach to understanding the complex interaction of factors that contribute to risk of falling in cognitively impaired older people. The results will provide much needed information on how to intervene to prevent falls and fractures in this high risk population. In the last decade, 25 randomised controlled trials have been published which show it is possible to prevent falls in older people. However, a major disappointing outcome of research in this fi ....This study represents the first systematic approach to understanding the complex interaction of factors that contribute to risk of falling in cognitively impaired older people. The results will provide much needed information on how to intervene to prevent falls and fractures in this high risk population. In the last decade, 25 randomised controlled trials have been published which show it is possible to prevent falls in older people. However, a major disappointing outcome of research in this field is that trials that have included or specifically focused on older people with cognitive impairment have been unsuccessful in preventing falls. Cognitive impairment has long been known to be a major risk factor for falls and fractures but little research has been undertaken to understand the underlying mechanisms as to why this is the case. It is likely that previous falls prevention trials involving people with cognitive impairment were unsuccessful because they did not directly assess mechanisms for falls in this group and simply translated intervention strategies from studies undertaken in cognitively intact older people. This study aims to develop our understanding of the important factors that contribute to risk of falling in older people with cognitive impairment and dementia. Participants will be recruited from a number of sources including hospitals, out-patient clinics, retirement villages, hostels etc. Whilst some participants will be able to consent to take part, all participants must have a nominated person responsible. Consenting participants will undergo a series of assessments, the majority of which can be undertaken in their own home. These will include medical and medication history, measures of gait and balance and tests assessing performance of different regions of the brain. An MRI scan will allow us to determine whether risk of falling relates to any specific pathology in different parts of the brain. We anticipate that we will be able to identify which risk factors and underlying mechanisms are most strongly associated with falling in cognitively impaired older people. We then hope to use the information to design targeted and tailored intervention strategies to reduce falls and fractures in this high risk population.Read moreRead less