Upper Airway Dilator Muscle Activity During Sleep Onset.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$211,320.00
Summary
Disorders of breathing during sleep are recognised as a major health problem. Of these, Obstructive Sleep Apnoea is the most prevalent, occurring in approximately 4% of the male and 2% of the female population. In this disorder the upper airway collapses during sleep causing cessation of airflow and subsequent oxygen desaturation. The airway is thought to occlude because dilator muscles are unable to sustain patency in the face of the negative pressures generated by inspiratory effort. In order ....Disorders of breathing during sleep are recognised as a major health problem. Of these, Obstructive Sleep Apnoea is the most prevalent, occurring in approximately 4% of the male and 2% of the female population. In this disorder the upper airway collapses during sleep causing cessation of airflow and subsequent oxygen desaturation. The airway is thought to occlude because dilator muscles are unable to sustain patency in the face of the negative pressures generated by inspiratory effort. In order for patency of the airway to be re-established some form of arousal from sleep must occur . As the UA is likely to collapse on the resumption of sleep, the cycle becomes repetitive, causing significant sleep disruption. OSA is a significant health risk, being associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disorders, increased mortality, excessive daytime sleepiness, reduced daytime performance and increased risk of accidents. In previous work we have demonstrated that normal sleep related changes in the activity of upper airway dilator muscles result in a reduction in the calibre of the airway at sleep onset. This exposes some individuals, such as those with narrow airways, to airway obstruction during sleep. We have also reported that elderly men have larger reductions in upper airway muscle activity at sleep onset than younger men, suggesting one reason why they may have a higher prevalence for Obstructive Sleep Apnea. The aim of the present project is to determine what causes the larger reductions in upper airway muscle activity in older males. The answer to this question will contribute to understanding why this group is so susceptible to Obstructive Sleep Apnea and will elucidate the mechanisms leading to the disorder.Read moreRead less
The Influence Of Sleep On The Behaviour Of The Upper Airway Muscles, Genioglossus And Tensor Palatini
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$295,880.00
Summary
The human airway has limited bone or cartilage support and muscular activity is required to keep the airway open. Central activation of these muscles is reduced during sleep, resulting in the disorder Obstructive Sleep Apnoea. Potential treatments include pharmocological or electrical stimulation of upper airway muscles. However, this is hampered by a lack of understanding of the control of upper airway muscles. This project will study two critical muscles, genioglossus and tensor palatini.
Prospective Methylation Biomarker Validation Study In Lung Cancer
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$528,281.00
Summary
Lung cancer is a major public health burden with increasing incidence every year. Despite advances, the biology of lung cancer associated with its recurrence either local or distant, with non-smoking lung cancer subtypes and asbestos-related lung cancer remains unexplored.
Environmental Influences On Allergic Airways Disease From Birth To 8yrs: Long-term Outcomes Of A Randomised Trial (CAPS)
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$530,000.00
Summary
The prevalence of asthma in Australia is among the highest in the world yet no trials of primary prevention have been conducted which address the most common known causative agent (housedust mite allergens) and the most common known protective factor (dietary omega-3 fatty acids). Until the effectiveness of interventions which address these factors is certain, it will not be possible to give confident advice about how to prevent asthma. We are applying to continue follow up of the cohort of the ....The prevalence of asthma in Australia is among the highest in the world yet no trials of primary prevention have been conducted which address the most common known causative agent (housedust mite allergens) and the most common known protective factor (dietary omega-3 fatty acids). Until the effectiveness of interventions which address these factors is certain, it will not be possible to give confident advice about how to prevent asthma. We are applying to continue follow up of the cohort of the Childhood Asthma Prevention Study (CAPS) which has been underway since mid-1997. CAPS is a randomised controlled trial in which 616 infants at high risk of developing asthma because of a family history have been enrolled. The interventions include allergen reduction and dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids. The interventions are designed to have maximum effect but be simple to implement by parents. Objective and subjective measurements of exposures, atopy, diet and asthmatic symptoms are being collected at 3 month intervals and at medical assessments when the children are 18 months, 3 and 5 years old. The interventions are stopped at age 5 years. The continued follow up of the cohort to age 8 will enable us to test conclusively if the interventions have had a positive effect. If so, CAPS will form the basis for a nationwide public health campaign which will have the potential to reduce the incidence of childhood asthma in Australia.Read moreRead less
Diagnostic Markers For Malignant Mesothelioma And Other Respiratory Diseases
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$467,315.00
Summary
The deadly asbestos-induced cancer mesothelioma is continuing to kill tens of thousands of individuals per year. We have been working on improving the tests available to detect this cancer and to follow the course of the disease with the aim of reducing patients' anxiety and health-care costs.
Ventilation Heterogeneity And Airway Remodelling In Asthma
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$522,586.00
Summary
Asthma is a common and important as a cause of significant symptoms and even death. Associated with asthma is narrowing and stiffening of the arways which causes uneven ventilation of the lungs and reduced lung function. We have developed a new technique of imaging the lungs, as well as new lung function tests which measure uneven ventilation and stiffening of airways. This will help us design better medications, and help predict those who are at risk or severe asthma and death.
Adolescent Assessment Of The Perth Infant Respiratory Cohort
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$412,327.00
Summary
In spite of extensive research over several years, we still don t know why some people get asthma while others do not or at what age the disease begins. We also don t know why in some people, asthma resolves during the teenage years while in other people the disease persists through adolescence. The Perth respiratory cohort has been studied on repeated occasions (at recruitment prior to birth, 1, 6 and 12 months, 6 and 11 years of age) and is unique in having measured airway responsiveness (AR) ....In spite of extensive research over several years, we still don t know why some people get asthma while others do not or at what age the disease begins. We also don t know why in some people, asthma resolves during the teenage years while in other people the disease persists through adolescence. The Perth respiratory cohort has been studied on repeated occasions (at recruitment prior to birth, 1, 6 and 12 months, 6 and 11 years of age) and is unique in having measured airway responsiveness (AR) soon after birth and at each subsequent assessment. Our previous data have established the importance of an individual s airway status in infancy in determining respiratory health in mid-childhood. Since the last assessment at 11 years, most children in this cohort will have passed through puberty. Lung growth will have been maximal, but there will be differences in the rate of growth between boys and girls. Body size will also have increased during this period and the body mass index may start to exert a major influence on measured respiratory function and the development or persistence of asthma. The aim of this research (assessing the Perth respiratory cohort at 16 years of age) is to look at the effect of gender, puberty and obesity on the previously identified early life risk factors to see how they determine respiratory health in 16 year olds. We expect that airway status in early life will continue to predict respiratory health at 16 years of age and that respiratory health will be modified by gender, puberty and the development of obesity. In addition we expect that genetic variations will show age-specificity in their associations with disease outcomes ie. particular variations will be associated with disease at different ages. This study will answer fundamental questions on airway function and physiology through childhood and adolescence.Read moreRead less
The Diagnosis Of Obstructive Sleep Apnea In Primary Care
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$295,075.00
Summary
The gold standard method for diagnosis of sleep apnea is the overnight sleep study. These tests are expensive, have long waiting lists and are hard to access outside larger cities. We aim to determine if general practitioners can combine information from questionnaires and a simple home diagnostic test, to confirm or rule out sleep apnea. The results of this study will eventually lead to more accessible and efficient diagnosis and treatment of this common condition.
A New Non-invasive Diagnostic Technique Based On Detection Of Exhaled Respiratory Pathogens.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$179,300.00
Summary
We developed a special collection mask and showed that the breath of people with colds or flu contains a tiny amount of virus. Currently, diagnostic samples are collected by putting a tube into the airways - this is very uncomfortable. Our masks may provide a new and more comfortable way to diagnose lung infections. We want to build better masks and ways to detect viruses and bacteria to test out this method. This may create a new test that will improve diagnosis and treatment.