Understanding The Pathology Of Muscarinic Receptor Deficit Schizophrenia: A Biochemically Defined Form Of The Disorder.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$451,804.00
Summary
Schizophrenia is a group of disorders with similar symptoms and no way of distinguishing the different disorders. In our brain collection 25% of the subjects with schizophrenia have a particular chemical deficit. Screening gene expression in people with schizophrenia, with and without this deficit will give a global picture of chemical differences between the groups. Understanding the differences between sub-groups of people with schizophrenia will aid the development of better drugs for them.
The Role Of Stress, HPA-axis Dysfunction And CNS Structural And Functional Change In The Development Of Psychosis.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$345,538.00
Summary
This research will further understanding of the processes underlying the development of serious mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and may lead to the development of strategies to prevent these devastating disorders. Although there have been advances in the management of psychotic disorders in recent years, their underlying causes remain largely unknown. We aim to investigate the potential roles of stress, HPA-axis function and structural and functional brain changes. The neurodevelopmental ....This research will further understanding of the processes underlying the development of serious mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and may lead to the development of strategies to prevent these devastating disorders. Although there have been advances in the management of psychotic disorders in recent years, their underlying causes remain largely unknown. We aim to investigate the potential roles of stress, HPA-axis function and structural and functional brain changes. The neurodevelopmental model of psychosis suggests that small structural CNS changes occur very early in life conferring a degree of vulnerability on the affected individual. We propose that the psychological and neurobiological processes listed above interact with the pre-existing vulnerability, resulting in the development of psychotic symptoms. This is in line with the stress-vulnerability model of psychosis. We aim to investigate this model by monitoring the level of stress reported by young people at risk of psychosis over 12 months. We will also obtain measures of their biological response to stress by assessing cortisol levels over time and brain structure and functioning will be assessed. By monitoring these processes in the high risk group, we will be able to identify any changes that occur if a psychotic illness develops. This research also has practical applications in the identification of young people at high risk of developing a psychotic disorder, Moreover it will inform the development of medical and psychological strategies aimed at preventing or delaying the onset of schizoprenia and related illnesses in the high risk population.Read moreRead less
I am a consultant psychiatrist and clinical researcher. Over the last 15 years I have been trying to detect people at risk of development of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders by the prospective identification of the prodromal phase of these diso
The Effect Of High-dose Vitamin-D Supplementation On Mental Health In A Randomised, Controlled Trial Of 1500 Older Women
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$81,965.00
Summary
Vitamin D is commonly deficient in Western populations, more so in the winter months and in the elderly. A link between depression and vitamin D insufficiency may exist. This study aims to see if vitamin-D supplementation is a practical health intervention for depressive symptoms and may define a public health strategy. In this study participants receive a dose of vitamin D3 or placebo annually for three years. Self-rated psychiatric assessments are administered.
Linkage And Association Studies Of Schizophrenia In An Isolated Population.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$693,726.00
Summary
The cause of schizophrenia is unknown, but there is good evidence that genes play a role. Geneticists do not fully understand how the disease is inherited, but it is very complex, and several interacting genes as well as environmental factors are likely involved. To address this complexity, we have recruited large schizophrenia pedigrees from the Iban of Sarawak, a geographically and genetically isolated population. This sample will help clarify the genetics of this devastating illness.
The Role Of Trauma Related Anger And The Cycles Of Violence In Post Conflict Countries: A Follow Up Study In Timor Leste
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$560,618.00
Summary
Our 2004 East Timor study showed that men who suffered abuses remain angry. We will follow-up these men to see if those who remained angry were more likely to be involved in social unrest and violence. We will also find out what factors make angry men more likely to act violently. This study will provide information to help agencies assist men overcome anger to avoid future violence.
Interaction Of Oestrogen With The Serotonin-1A Receptor: Implications For Schizophrenia
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$229,744.00
Summary
Gender differences have been observed in mental illnesses such as schizophrenia. It has been suggested that the female sex hormone, oestrogen, protects against schizophrenia, although how this occurs is unclear. This project aims to understand the mechanisms by which oestrogen interacts in the brain with major chemical systems (including serotonin and dopamine) that are implicated in the development and symptoms of schizophrenia.
Longitudinal Brain Changes In First-episode Psychosis: A 10 Year Follow-up MRI Study
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$165,250.00
Summary
It is now widely accepted that schizophrenia is associated with changes in the structure of the brain. Until recently these structural changes were considered to predate the onset of illness and to remain static. However, our own work has suggested an alternative model, which relates schizophrenia to brain changes at specific life stages. In order to demonstrate this, we intend to acquire repeat brain images on 100 patients who were initially scanned 10 years ago at the start of their psychotic ....It is now widely accepted that schizophrenia is associated with changes in the structure of the brain. Until recently these structural changes were considered to predate the onset of illness and to remain static. However, our own work has suggested an alternative model, which relates schizophrenia to brain changes at specific life stages. In order to demonstrate this, we intend to acquire repeat brain images on 100 patients who were initially scanned 10 years ago at the start of their psychotic illness. This would be the largest follow-up study of first episode psychosis in the world, with the longest interval between the first and second brain scan. Further, for a proportion of patients we will have 3 MRI scans, at illness onset, 2-4 years post-onset, followed by a third scan at 10 years, thereby providing unique follow-up brain imaging data. Based on our own and other research, we intend to explore the relationship between progressive brain change over a ten year period and: (i) the diagnosis of the patient (schizophrenia or other disorder), (ii) the clinical and functional outcome of the patient (still chronically ill or with no further episode of psychosis), and (iii) the cognitive state of the patient (their ability to perform well on tests of memory, planning and so on). We are able to conduct this study because of the existence of an infrastructure developed to follow-up patients, with a recontact rate of 70% of those patients admitted in 1992 and 1993. In this study we seek to implement these strategies for the patients identified after 1994. The results of this study will test our ideas derived from our model of the major psychotic illnesses and may identify the structural brain changes which are associated with the development of chronic schizophrenia and other psychoses. A further novel outcome will be the inclusion of patients who have remained well and identiifying the structural correlates of a good prognosis.Read moreRead less
Children Of Parents With Mental Illness: A Population-based Study
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$774,715.00
Summary
Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression account for about 16% of the global burden of disease, according to estimates by the World Health Organization and the World Bank. These disorders tend to run a chronic or recurrent course, with devastating impact on sufferers and their families. We know today that part of their causes are genetic and may be transmitted to the next generation. However, another part of the causation is likely to be environmental, involving maternal pregnancy co ....Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression account for about 16% of the global burden of disease, according to estimates by the World Health Organization and the World Bank. These disorders tend to run a chronic or recurrent course, with devastating impact on sufferers and their families. We know today that part of their causes are genetic and may be transmitted to the next generation. However, another part of the causation is likely to be environmental, involving maternal pregnancy complications, as well as psychosocial adversity and stressful events impacting children who happen to carry a genetic susceptibility to such disorders. To disentangle and understand better such effects, our research is focusing on families where genetic risk to the offspring is present, due to a mother suffering from one of these disorders. By linking data available on population databases in WA, we aim to follow up the childhood development and young adult health outcomes of all children born to women with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or depression. Few studies of this kind have been done worldwide, and we expect that the WA study will answer many unresolved questions, leading to preventative and treatment interventions that would reduce adverse outcomes and improve the quality of life of families at risk.Read moreRead less
Studying the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation with near Infrared spectroscopy. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is increasingly being used as a tool in studying human and animal brain function and in the treatment of brain disorders but there are fundamental gaps in our understanding of its basic mechanisms of action and hence our capacity to optimise protocols. This research will use near infrared spectroscopy to study the range of potential ways of alt ....Studying the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation with near Infrared spectroscopy. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is increasingly being used as a tool in studying human and animal brain function and in the treatment of brain disorders but there are fundamental gaps in our understanding of its basic mechanisms of action and hence our capacity to optimise protocols. This research will use near infrared spectroscopy to study the range of potential ways of altering brain activity with rTMS. It will substantially enhance the applicability of the technique ultimately improving our knowledge of human and animal brain function and outcomes for patients with depression and other disorders. It will help reinforce Australia as a leading country in the development of brain stimulation techniques.Read moreRead less