The Micro-structural Basis Of Bone Loss And Fragility After Menopause: A Longitudinal Co-twin Control Study
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$873,950.00
Summary
Every woman becomes postmenopausal. Not all lose bone or sustain fractures after menopause. We will identify women who lose bone and those who don't and so identify women at risk for fracture so that they can be targeted for treatment and identify those who do not need to be treated. This will be done by measuring bone structure and how strong the bone is using a new, safe, quick technology that can be used in clinical practice
Studies On The Expression Of Muscarinic Receptors: Implications For The Pathology Of Schizophrenia
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$498,791.00
Summary
Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder that affects approximately 1% of the population. This project will help define changes in the molecules in the brain of subjects with schizophrenia which are likely to be involved in two symptoms of the disorder, the psychoses and cognitive deficits. Understanding the cause of the cognitive deficits of schizophrenia is a high priority because they are the most disabilitating symptom of the disorder and do not respond to current drug treatments.
Brain Control Of The Thermoregulatory Cutaneous Circulation: A Window To The Mind, And To The Neurobiology Of Clozapine
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$561,396.00
Summary
Patients suffering from schizophrenia benefit from medication. Discovering the brain mechanisms whereby the medications work is most important. Action of many important drugs have been established in experimental animals. This is a difficult task for anti-schizophrenia drugs because it is difficult to establish what animals are thinking or feeling, and it is doubtful whether animals ever suffer from schizophrenia. Thus it would be very advantageous to discover a physiological response, measurabl ....Patients suffering from schizophrenia benefit from medication. Discovering the brain mechanisms whereby the medications work is most important. Action of many important drugs have been established in experimental animals. This is a difficult task for anti-schizophrenia drugs because it is difficult to establish what animals are thinking or feeling, and it is doubtful whether animals ever suffer from schizophrenia. Thus it would be very advantageous to discover a physiological response, measurable in, for example, rats, that can serve as a marker of the animal s emotional responses to situations that would normally prove anxiety-provoking. The present grant is based on the discovery, in my laboratory, that stressful stimuli cause sudden falls in blood flow to the tail in rats. My laboratory is the first in the world to measure pulsatile blood flow to the tail in conscious rats, and this is why we made our discovery. My laboratory also discovered that clozapine, a drug of major theoretical and practical importance for the treatment of schizophrenia inhibits fright-induced constriction of the tail artery. Clozapine interacts with many potential neurotransmitters in the brain. Some very complex combinations of these interactions are presumably responsible for the drug s unique psychotherapeutic action in schizophrenia. Our discovery that clozapine inhibits fright-induced constriction of the tail artery means that we will be able to investigate clozapine s mechanisms of action. Results of our findings are genuinely likely to increase our understanding of how clozapine works in schizophrenia. This information should also provide clues as to the nature of the presently mysterious brain malfunctions that result in schizophrenia.Read moreRead less
Pathophysiology And Treatment Of Pharyngo-oesophageal Dysfunction
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$168,275.00
Summary
A number of oral and respiratory tract diseases such as laryngitis, asthma, unexplained cough, sinusitis, and obstructive sleep apnoea, have been linked with gastroesophageal reflux disease. These particular respiratory complications carry significant morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms of regurgitation of gastric acid, via the oesophagus into the pharynx, are unknown. We have recently validated a novel technique to reliably detect acid regurgitation events into the pharynx. We propose to us ....A number of oral and respiratory tract diseases such as laryngitis, asthma, unexplained cough, sinusitis, and obstructive sleep apnoea, have been linked with gastroesophageal reflux disease. These particular respiratory complications carry significant morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms of regurgitation of gastric acid, via the oesophagus into the pharynx, are unknown. We have recently validated a novel technique to reliably detect acid regurgitation events into the pharynx. We propose to use this technique, combined with pressure recordings from the oesophagus and its valves, to determine the precise mechanisms underlying acid regurgitation into the throat. Such studies should lead to better means of treating these disorders.Read moreRead less