I am a lipid biochemist with extensive experience in the design and conduct of randomised controlled trials. The interventions are normally food based and I am working to see healthier food choices available to consumers to help close the Agriculture - He
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Mimetics With Anti-inflammatory Properties
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$481,500.00
Summary
Autoimmune diseases are responsible for a high incidence of morbidity and mortality in our community. Immunosuppressive drugs-anti-inflammatory agents have played important roles in treatment of these diseases as well as in helping to prevent rejection of transplanted tissues-organs. There is an ongoing search by the medical community for better immunosuppressive drugs and agents for use for these purposes. Based on studies conducted in the last few years, we have partially identified structural ....Autoimmune diseases are responsible for a high incidence of morbidity and mortality in our community. Immunosuppressive drugs-anti-inflammatory agents have played important roles in treatment of these diseases as well as in helping to prevent rejection of transplanted tissues-organs. There is an ongoing search by the medical community for better immunosuppressive drugs and agents for use for these purposes. Based on studies conducted in the last few years, we have partially identified structural elements on polyunsatrated fatty acids (PUFA) which are responsible for specific biological functions. Using this information, we have synthesized a large panel of previously unavailable PUFA which we can use to target T lymphocytes and drive the biological activity of these compounds, preferentially towards immunosuppression. By conducting the research outlined in this project, we are likely to either identify a lead immunosuppressive compound or generate new information for further synthesis of PUFA-based compounds for further examination as potential immunosuppressive agents.Read moreRead less
Dietary Fats As Drivers Of Obesity-related Inflammation
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$336,767.00
Summary
Obesity leads to diabetes and heart disease but not all body fat seems to be bad. Increased fat around the waist (especially the visceral fat around the intestine and internal organs) is particularly bad. Visceral fat secretes a lot of inflammatory molecules. This research aims to understand how visceral fat becomes inflamed and how we might use diet and other methods to reduce both the amount of visceral fat and its level of inflammation; thus reducing both obesity and its health consequences.
Omega-3 fatty acids, appetite and growth in farmed fish. Australia has very limited wild fish supplies, and with the increasing realization of human health benefits of fish (i.e. omega-3 fatty acid) there is a need to increase availability through aquaculture. However, feeds used in aquaculture contain costly fish oil with limited global supplies. Attempts made to substitute fish oil with vegetable sources in aquaculture feeds have been mixed. This international, comparative and multidisciplinar ....Omega-3 fatty acids, appetite and growth in farmed fish. Australia has very limited wild fish supplies, and with the increasing realization of human health benefits of fish (i.e. omega-3 fatty acid) there is a need to increase availability through aquaculture. However, feeds used in aquaculture contain costly fish oil with limited global supplies. Attempts made to substitute fish oil with vegetable sources in aquaculture feeds have been mixed. This international, comparative and multidisciplinary project aims to reduce the dependence on fish oils through investigation of basic fatty acid metabolism and endocrinology on farmed fish to ensure that human health promoting characteristics in the final product are retained.Read moreRead less
Regulation Of TNF Receptor Expression By Omega-6 And Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$226,320.00
Summary
This project looks at two major molecules which our body generates in trying to combat infections, a protein called tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and a fatty acid called arachidonic acid. In some cases the persistent production of elevated amounts of these molecules leads to highly crippling and debilitating diseases , such as rheumatoid arthritis, which pose a huge burden to our community. To develop medication to combat these diseases be it either vaccination or antiinflammatory drugs, there is ....This project looks at two major molecules which our body generates in trying to combat infections, a protein called tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and a fatty acid called arachidonic acid. In some cases the persistent production of elevated amounts of these molecules leads to highly crippling and debilitating diseases , such as rheumatoid arthritis, which pose a huge burden to our community. To develop medication to combat these diseases be it either vaccination or antiinflammatory drugs, there is a need to clearly define key components of the inflammatory response. Since TNF acts through a receptor we propose that a critical issue in the regulation of this inflammatory response is the changes in the expression of these receptors on cells of the immune system. Our preliminary work suggests that lipid molecules such as arachidonic acid (omega-6 fat) interacts with phagocytic cells and causes drammatic changes to the expression of this receptor. Our research proposal will look at this in more detail and place the observation into perspective in terms of parameters of the inflammatory reaction and associated diseases. Furthermore this concept will be examined in relation to the protective effects which the omega-3 fats found in fish oil have on these inflammatory diseases.Read moreRead less
Polyunsaturated Fat As A Protective Agent In The Dietary Management Of Early Overweight
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$383,750.00
Summary
This study adds significantly to our knowledge of the effect of diet composition on weight management. It builds on animal model studies demonstrating the effects of different types of fat on obesity development, and on our research in people with diabetes, where we found a higher proportion of polyunsaturated fats in a low fat diet resulted in greater body fat loss. Our proposed research will demonstrate whether this same dietary profile can reduce visceral fat in people who are overweight but ....This study adds significantly to our knowledge of the effect of diet composition on weight management. It builds on animal model studies demonstrating the effects of different types of fat on obesity development, and on our research in people with diabetes, where we found a higher proportion of polyunsaturated fats in a low fat diet resulted in greater body fat loss. Our proposed research will demonstrate whether this same dietary profile can reduce visceral fat in people who are overweight but not diabetic, and whether we need to reduce calories or not to achieve this end. It may be that the effect is due to a higher level of fat used as fuel, a higher metabolic rate, or a reduction in appetite. We will be able to determine these effects, and add to the scientific knowledge base of dietary components and energy balance. Having this knowledge is important if we are to develop dietary advice for weight management that is more specific and effective than general statements on eating well. One of the great strengths of this study is that the food guidance system is fully developed. Not only will we will prove the targeted nutrient composition of the diet is achieved, the food guidance system provides for people to chose foods under free living conditions. Thus the link to this research and clinical practice models will be assured. The impact of this research may then be assessed in terms of more effective clinical strategies for the management of obesity, a major public health concern.Read moreRead less
An Investigation Into The Mechanisms Of How Dietary Fats Influence Alzheimers Disease Risk.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$567,789.00
Summary
There is some evidence to suggest that diet may influence the risk for developing Alzheimer's Disease. This project will explore if dietary fats that are 'bad-for-the-heart', are also 'bad-for-the-head'. Conversely, these researchers will test whether heart-healthy-oils are brain-healthy. The researchers will investigate the mechanisms by which dietary fats influence risk and hope to be able to develop nutritional guidelines for the prevention or slowing of Alzheimer's Disease.
The Effect Of Dietary Fatty Acids On Cellular Calcium Handling Mechanisms In Cardiac Muscle
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$275,765.00
Summary
A major health problem in the developed countries is cardiovascular disease, which is manifest as high blood pressure, stroke, heart attack and abnormalities of heart rhythm, or cardiac arrhythmias. A western diet, ie. one high in animal fat, or saturated fats, may be to blame. Human epidemiological studies have shown that consumption of a diet high in saturated fats is correlated with a propensity to arrhythmias while a diet high in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can confer protection from ....A major health problem in the developed countries is cardiovascular disease, which is manifest as high blood pressure, stroke, heart attack and abnormalities of heart rhythm, or cardiac arrhythmias. A western diet, ie. one high in animal fat, or saturated fats, may be to blame. Human epidemiological studies have shown that consumption of a diet high in saturated fats is correlated with a propensity to arrhythmias while a diet high in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can confer protection from coronary heart disease and cardiac arrhythmias. The mechanisms underlying these effects are not fully understood. The contraction of the heart depends on changes in calcium inside the individual muscle cells. Abnormalities of the way calcium is handled in the cells leads to abnormalities of contraction and to a certain types of arrhythmia. Over the last 5 to 10 years, technological developments have enabled us to examine changes in calcium in living heart cells at microscopic level. It is possible to fill individual living cells with a fluorescent dye which changes either the magnitude or the wavelength of its fluorescence according to the ambient calcium concentration. Cells filled with these dyes are examined with a laser scanning confocal microscope, in which a very tightly focussed laser beam excites the dye and the resulting fluorescence is gathered by a computer controlled image analysis system. In this way we can measure the calcium concentration within the cells with a spatial resolution of about 1-1000 of a millimetre, and a time resolution of about 1-100 of a second. Using these techniques, we have found that supplementing the diet of rats with either PUFAs or saturated fats produces a dramatic change in the way that calcium is stored and released in their heart cells. This effect of dietary fats has not been reported before, and it may represent an important clue as to how these substances protect against many cardiac arrhythmias.Read moreRead less
Development and evaulation of novel foods enriched with very long chain omega-3 fatty acids. This project is a collaborative effort between Meadow Lea Foods, Clover Corporation, and the Universities of Wollongong and Western Australia. The aims are 1) to develop a range of functional foods enriched with omega-3 from tuna oil; 2) to see whether the recommended omega-3 intake, currently nor met by most Australians, can be achieved by including these foods in the diet; 3) to evaluate sensory and he ....Development and evaulation of novel foods enriched with very long chain omega-3 fatty acids. This project is a collaborative effort between Meadow Lea Foods, Clover Corporation, and the Universities of Wollongong and Western Australia. The aims are 1) to develop a range of functional foods enriched with omega-3 from tuna oil; 2) to see whether the recommended omega-3 intake, currently nor met by most Australians, can be achieved by including these foods in the diet; 3) to evaluate sensory and health attributes and other factors that may impact on consumer acceptability hence market potential of the food range. There is little evidence of the feasibility let alone health and social benefits of utilising novel foods to meet the dietary omega-3 recommendation. We expect a) to show how consumers could benefit by using a range of such foods in their customary diet; b) to critically set this achievement within the context of current social trends in food product development. Read moreRead less