A novel sensory neural circuit has been identified innervating the airways and lungs. The anatomical organisation of this circuit has been described to some extent in previous studies, however there is a significant gap in knowledge with respect to its functional importance. This project will develop methods to address this knowledge gap and in doing so the project will firstly describe how this circuit controls breathing under normal conditions and secondly how this becomes dysregulated during
Role Of Myeloperoxidase In Endothelial Barrier Dysfunction During Inflammation
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$302,123.00
Summary
The release of the enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) within blood vessels is thought to affect their ‘leakiness’ during periods of inflammation, leading to fluid associated swelling (oedema). We propose that MPO produces oxidant chemicals that increase blood vessel leakage. The aim of our work is to study how these chemicals increase vascular leakage by studying the biochemical pathways involved. These studies could lead to new intervention strategies targeting MPO to reduce excessive tissue oedema.
Investigations Of Mechanisms Underlying Autonomic Cardiovascular Regulation In Medial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$311,860.00
Summary
People with epilepsy often show disturbed cardiovascular function which may increase mortality risk. This may reflect seizure related disturbances in the autonomic circuitry regulation of the cardiovascular system. We apply advanced brain imaging analysis of altered neural structure, circuit connectivity and function within medial temporal lobe and mid brain, combined with clinical assessment of autonomic function to provide important new insights into cardiac disturbances in epilepsy.
Neural Control Of Human Respiratory Muscles In Health And Disease
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$450,132.00
Summary
This research examines how human inspiratory muscles that ‘pump’ air into the lungs are controlled in health and disease. We will study the interaction between automatic and voluntary control of breathing, about which very little is known. The control of breathing in patients who breathe against an inspiratory load (eg. asthma) and mechanically ventilated patients will be a focus of this research. Outcomes include better understanding of the control of breathing and improved patient care.
Translation Of Abdominal Functional Electrical Stimulation From A Research Tool To Clinical Practice
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$318,768.00
Summary
People with a spinal cord injury to the neck are often unable to move their arms and legs, a condition known as tetraplegia. Tetraplegics are also unable to use their abdominal muscles, reducing breathing and bowel function. This project will use electrical pulses to make their abdominal muscles contract, improving breathing and bowel function. The results will be used to develop a program that can be used in all hospitals, reducing illness in tetraplegia and saving the health service money.
Regulation Of Pulmonary Responsiveness By Chronic Mechanical Strain And Its Role In Obstructive Lung Disease
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$287,321.00
Summary
The pressures required to breathe place a continuous but varying mechanical strain on airway passages and lung tissue. This mechanical strain may protect the airway from collapsing, however, this protection is deficient in lung diseases such as asthma. This project considers the possibility that abnormal mechanical strain occurring in lung disease predisposes the individual to debilitating and potentially life-threatening airflow obstruction.
Improving Lung Health Of Indigenous Children, Through Identifying Interventional Targets From Long Term Follow-up Studies And Preventive Strategies
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$314,644.00
Summary
Long term consequences of respiratory disease among Indigenous children are a public health issue. Studies included in this research program will provide new data and broaden our understanding on clinical predictors that significantly impact on lung health in Indigenous children. The studies will also direct future interventions and management pathways. This research will also contribute to improved asthma management, prevent uptake of smoking contributing to an overall improvement in health.
Investigating Molecular Mechanisms To Better Understand The Recent Rise In Food Allergy Prevalence In Australian Children
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$316,449.00
Summary
The prevalence of food allergies in Australia and abroad has risen drastically posing a major preventable public health burden. Further basic research is required and this program aims to make a substantial contribution towards understanding the underlying mechanisms of pediatric food allergy.
Bench To Beside Translational Studies To Develop Treatments For Preeclampsia
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$265,138.00
Summary
Preeclampsia is a common, devastating complication of pregnancy responsible for the loss of countless mothers and babies. There is no medical treatment. Excitingly we have identified 2 medications, safe in pregnancy: metformin and sulfasalazine that may treat this disease. We plan to introduce these medications into the clinic to see whether they may be an effective treatment for preeclampsia. If successful, these medications have the potential to improve the lives of women and babies globally.
Understanding And Preventing Chronic Disease In People Living With HIV
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$367,946.00
Summary
Australia’s ageing population is increasingly at risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease and diabetes. For Australians who are living with HIV, these diseases occur more frequently and at an earlier age. I will be investigating the underlying reasons for this increase in risk and will test innovative online systems that help people living with HIV reduce their risk of chronic disease. This work will provide important information for Australians at risk of developing chronic disease.