Cancer immunology has emerged as a fundamental discipline of oncology and overwhelming new data from large patient studies reveals the importance of the immune reaction in patient prognosis. Professor Smyth has established a large body of work indicating that the immune reaction is rate limiting for the development of tumours. His previous fundamental work forms a platform to launch new studies that will greatly increase the sophistication with which we understand the various immune mechanisms t ....Cancer immunology has emerged as a fundamental discipline of oncology and overwhelming new data from large patient studies reveals the importance of the immune reaction in patient prognosis. Professor Smyth has established a large body of work indicating that the immune reaction is rate limiting for the development of tumours. His previous fundamental work forms a platform to launch new studies that will greatly increase the sophistication with which we understand the various immune mechanisms that control tumour initiation, growth and metastases. It is a major goal of Professor Smyth’s Australia Fellowship to understand why some tumours may be controlled by the immune response while others are apparently not. He has established mouse models of cancer where these questions can be directly addressed for the first time.Read moreRead less
Investigating Immune Regulation In The Tumour Microenvironment
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$288,650.00
Summary
Suppressive factors made by cells of the immune system or cancers themselves and immune regulatory T cells inhibit an effective anti-tumour response. My project aims to investigate the mechanism by which these factors and cells mediate their suppressive function. Understanding these processes in the cancer environment will allow the design of more effective cancer therapies.
The Oncogenic Function Of A Histone H3K9 Demethylase And Its Contribution To The Aggressive Malignant Phenotype Of Leukaemia
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$762,501.00
Summary
In contrast to the significant improvements in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukaemia, advances in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) therapy have been limited. The difficulty in treating AML is thought to arise from a drug-resistant subpopulation of leukaemic stem cells (LSC) that are capable of reinitiating disease after chemotherapy. This project will characterise a key regulator of LSC and provide insights into an important oncogenic process that gives rise to the aggressive and often fatal ....In contrast to the significant improvements in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukaemia, advances in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) therapy have been limited. The difficulty in treating AML is thought to arise from a drug-resistant subpopulation of leukaemic stem cells (LSC) that are capable of reinitiating disease after chemotherapy. This project will characterise a key regulator of LSC and provide insights into an important oncogenic process that gives rise to the aggressive and often fatal AML.Read moreRead less
The Western Australia Malignant Pleural Effusions Management Study- What Factors Can Guide Management And Do Indwelling Pleural Catheters Represent The Best Treatment Option?
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$74,395.00
Summary
This randomised clinical trial will determine whether indwelling tunnelled pleural catheters are the best treatment strategy for patients with malignant pleural effusions. It will also look for ways in which the speed of fluid recurrence can be predicted. It will save public money by finding the most cost effective treatment strategies.
Novel Vaccine Formulation For Immunotherapy Of Adenocarcinomas
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$178,400.00
Summary
We have designed a vaccine based on a unique delivery system. Mice immunised with vaccine were protected from a tumour challenge. We will now design a vacine with a cancer associated protein so that people once immunised can make killer cells. Since humans have different genetic makeup we will produce a vacine which is more effective and will benefit everyone. This vaccine will be more effective than a current vacine in that has yielded promising results in humans.
Reactivities Of CD8 T Cells To Mutated Neo-antigens In Lung Malignancies
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$661,979.00
Summary
Tumours express mutated proteins (called ‘neo-antigens’) which can be targets of powerful killer T cells which can destroy cancer cells. To understand why these cells fail to cure most cancers we will study neo-antigens identified by modern DNA sequencing methods to identify these neo-antigens & the responses to them. Then it will be possible to design trials in individual patients, e.g. personalised vaccines to ‘force’ the immune system to attack cells bearing these neo-antigens.
Defining The Role Of Microphthalmia-associated Transcription Factor (MITF) In Melanoma Heterogeneity By Real-time Cell Cycle Imaging
Funder
National Health and Medical Research Council
Funding Amount
$613,705.00
Summary
Metastatic melanoma is highly therapy-resistant. Modern targeted therapy is promising but suffers from rapid onset of drug resistance. Tumours consist of zones of fast growing cells next to zones of dormant cells. This tumour heterogeneity is one of the reasons for cancer drug resistance, as cells in different growth states respond differently to drugs. By understanding the causes of tumour heterogeneity we will set the basis for innovative clinical approaches against this devastating disease.