Platinum deposit genesis: A new way of thinking. Platinum is becoming increasingly crucial to the high technology sector, and is used particularly in catalytic converters and fuel cells, which serve to minimise or eliminate car exhaust pollution. Greatly expanded resources of this precious metal are needed to help society's transition to a low carbon dioxide (CO2) lifestyle. This project will combine high temperature-pressure experiments with geological field research to greatly improve our unde ....Platinum deposit genesis: A new way of thinking. Platinum is becoming increasingly crucial to the high technology sector, and is used particularly in catalytic converters and fuel cells, which serve to minimise or eliminate car exhaust pollution. Greatly expanded resources of this precious metal are needed to help society's transition to a low carbon dioxide (CO2) lifestyle. This project will combine high temperature-pressure experiments with geological field research to greatly improve our understanding of how platinum ore deposits form and thus where to find them. The outcomes of this project will change mineral exploration strategies in Australia and around the world, and facilitate our progression to a cleaner, greener future.Read moreRead less
Rapid optimisation in underground mining network design. This project represents a major advance in the problem of optimising the infrastructure of underground mines and providing powerful planning tools for management. The software tools we are developing will prove important to the mining industry because of their accuracy, flexibility and generality. Not only can they be used for benchmarking in the design of specific mines, but they also provide a reliable method for testing the cost-benefi ....Rapid optimisation in underground mining network design. This project represents a major advance in the problem of optimising the infrastructure of underground mines and providing powerful planning tools for management. The software tools we are developing will prove important to the mining industry because of their accuracy, flexibility and generality. Not only can they be used for benchmarking in the design of specific mines, but they also provide a reliable method for testing the cost-benefit of emerging technologies. This is an important project for ensuring that Australia's mining industry remains efficient and internationally competitive. Given our economic dependence on mineral resources, it will also benefit Australia as a whole.Read moreRead less
Decision tools for underground mine development. The aim of this project is to develop innovative new strategic tools to assist senior mine management in planning underground mine operations. It will be based on modelling underground mine layouts using the theory of abstract mathematical networks. For many years, there have been well-developed methods of modelling and optimising the operation of open-cut mines. The design of the infrastructure of underground mines has a similar potential for opt ....Decision tools for underground mine development. The aim of this project is to develop innovative new strategic tools to assist senior mine management in planning underground mine operations. It will be based on modelling underground mine layouts using the theory of abstract mathematical networks. For many years, there have been well-developed methods of modelling and optimising the operation of open-cut mines. The design of the infrastructure of underground mines has a similar potential for optimisation and strategic modelling. This design optimisation will lead to huge savings in the costs of underground mines. Similar methods will be used to plan drilling programs, which are major cost items.Read moreRead less
Volatile recycling at the crust-mantle interface: Evidence from halogens and noble gases in deep-crustal fluids. 1) The technique proposed for this study is of proven interest to the mineral exploration industry. This project will: i) increase knowledge of the deep-crustal fluids often implicated in giant hydrothermal ore deposits; and ii) develop laser ablation, which will increase the techniques applicability to Australia's oldest ore deposits. These outcomes will further benefit the mineral e ....Volatile recycling at the crust-mantle interface: Evidence from halogens and noble gases in deep-crustal fluids. 1) The technique proposed for this study is of proven interest to the mineral exploration industry. This project will: i) increase knowledge of the deep-crustal fluids often implicated in giant hydrothermal ore deposits; and ii) develop laser ablation, which will increase the techniques applicability to Australia's oldest ore deposits. These outcomes will further benefit the mineral exploration industry.
2) The experimental data can be applied to testing the long-term storage of CO2 by geo-sequestration.
3) The proposed research is extremely topical and will be presented at international conferences and in high impact journals raising the profile of Australian science. Read moreRead less
What controls trace element levels in ore sulfides? A laser-ICPMS perspective. Sub-surface hydrothermal gold and base metal orebodies are surrounded by aprons of elevated metal concentrations, mainly within micro-sulfides, which is one sign mineral explorers use to widen their target. Here we test whether the hostrock contributes metal in the most distant parts of such halos, and if so, what factors control where hostrock metal begins to be detectable in a given system. We will make better model ....What controls trace element levels in ore sulfides? A laser-ICPMS perspective. Sub-surface hydrothermal gold and base metal orebodies are surrounded by aprons of elevated metal concentrations, mainly within micro-sulfides, which is one sign mineral explorers use to widen their target. Here we test whether the hostrock contributes metal in the most distant parts of such halos, and if so, what factors control where hostrock metal begins to be detectable in a given system. We will make better models of how metalliferous waters react with rock, potentially translating into million dollar savings through more efficient exploration. The ultrafine sampling and precision analyses required for this are possible because of an ARC-funded core program at CODES.Read moreRead less
Transport of metals in vapours and brines: new insights into the formation of the Earth's mineral deposits. Traditional models for the formation of hydrothermal ore deposits assume that aqueous fluids transported the metals. This view is challenged by new observations showing that gold and copper are preferentially enriched in vapours coexisting with salty aqueous fluids in some deposits. This project uses state-of-the-art techniques and develops new instruments to measure experimentally the par ....Transport of metals in vapours and brines: new insights into the formation of the Earth's mineral deposits. Traditional models for the formation of hydrothermal ore deposits assume that aqueous fluids transported the metals. This view is challenged by new observations showing that gold and copper are preferentially enriched in vapours coexisting with salty aqueous fluids in some deposits. This project uses state-of-the-art techniques and develops new instruments to measure experimentally the partitioning of metals between solid, fluid and vapour at temperatures typical for natural ore deposits (350-550C, pressures varying for vapour saturated to 1 kb). By improving our understanding of metal transport within the Earth's crust, these data will lead to improved models and technologies for exploring and processing base and precious metals.Read moreRead less
The Role of Water in Precambrian Ultramafic Magmatism: Insights from an In-Situ Microbeam and Nanobeam Assessment of Hydromagmatic Amphibole. Hydromagmatic amphibole in some Precambrian (>600 million years old) komatiites and other ultramafic rocks in Australia, Canada and Russia indicates >3% water in the parental magmas. This magmatic water could be crustal or mantle in origin. Constraints on the water source would profoundly impact concepts of Precambrian crustal evolution and water recycling ....The Role of Water in Precambrian Ultramafic Magmatism: Insights from an In-Situ Microbeam and Nanobeam Assessment of Hydromagmatic Amphibole. Hydromagmatic amphibole in some Precambrian (>600 million years old) komatiites and other ultramafic rocks in Australia, Canada and Russia indicates >3% water in the parental magmas. This magmatic water could be crustal or mantle in origin. Constraints on the water source would profoundly impact concepts of Precambrian crustal evolution and water recycling. The ultimate goal of this project is to provide constraints on the role of water in early Earth magmatism, through in situ microbeam and nanobeam analysis of the amphibole to produce an integrated trace element and isotopic dataset for geologically and chemically diverse types of Precambrian ultramafic rocks.Read moreRead less
Developing indicator minerals to geochemically fingerprint mineralized Fe oxide Cu-Au systems: a pilot study around the Ernest Henry Cu-Au mine. Fe oxide Cu-Au deposits represent some of the largest accumulations of economically extractable metal in the earth's crust. However, exploration has been largely ineffective over the last decade, and new methods for their delineation are required to deliver a step-change in the efficiency of exploration programs. The development of a mineral indicator s ....Developing indicator minerals to geochemically fingerprint mineralized Fe oxide Cu-Au systems: a pilot study around the Ernest Henry Cu-Au mine. Fe oxide Cu-Au deposits represent some of the largest accumulations of economically extractable metal in the earth's crust. However, exploration has been largely ineffective over the last decade, and new methods for their delineation are required to deliver a step-change in the efficiency of exploration programs. The development of a mineral indicator scheme to fingerprint potential ?ore-forming? systems using state-of-the-art laser ablation ICP-MS analysis may engender new methods and strategies that lead to exploration success. A baseline study around a known deposit provides the best means to characterize indicators- the Ernest Henry Cu-Au deposit provides the ideal candidate.Read moreRead less
ARC Centre of Excellence - in Ore Deposits. Australia's minerals industry faces a two-fold challenge - to find new ore deposits and to mine them with maximum efficiency and minimal environmental impact. Those challenges demand a new generation of focused ore deposit research, tailored specifically for the Australian context. The Centre of Excellence in Ore Deposits will provide the foundation of fundamental research required by a successful, efficient and sustainable Australian minerals industry ....ARC Centre of Excellence - in Ore Deposits. Australia's minerals industry faces a two-fold challenge - to find new ore deposits and to mine them with maximum efficiency and minimal environmental impact. Those challenges demand a new generation of focused ore deposit research, tailored specifically for the Australian context. The Centre of Excellence in Ore Deposits will provide the foundation of fundamental research required by a successful, efficient and sustainable Australian minerals industry. The Centre will also play a leading role in the undergraduate and postgraduate training of future geoscientists. The concentration of internationally recognised researchers in the Centre will ensure it maintains its premier position in the international ore deposit research arena.Read moreRead less